Method for analysis of monosaccharides and disaccharides in milk and infant formula

Analysis of monosaccharides and disaccharides in milk and infant formula using the ACQUITY UPLC H-Class System and the ACQUITY QDa Detector

Mark E. Benvenuti, Dimple Shah, Jennifer A. Burgess
Waters Corporation (Milford, MA, USA)

Introduction:

Both sugars and sugar alcohols are carbohydrates, which are natural ingredients in foods and have important nutritional value. In order to add flavor or imitate fresh food, some sugar will be added to the processed food. In recent years, as the prevalence of obesity and diabetes in the developed countries has increased, the need for further monitoring of sugar intake has also increased. Therefore, in order to meet increasingly stringent regulatory requirements, accurate sugar content information is required on food labels.

The analysis of sugars and sugar alcohols is extremely challenging because of their lack of chromophores in the structure of the compounds, and the various molecules are very similar, many of which are mutually isomers. With a good separation ability, accuracy and speed of analysis, HPLC has become a prime option of 1,2 carbohydrate analysis. HPLC techniques use RI or ELS detection. The RI test requires careful control of the mobile phase to avoid any changes in the analysis and therefore requires isocratic elution. When using RI detection, it is difficult to change the mobile phase composition between one analysis and the next, because when using different mobile phase components, the RI detector may take hours to reach equilibrium, even when using a batch With the new same mobile phase, the RI can still detect small changes that cause baseline changes. In the case of changes in mobile phase composition, ELS detection is relatively more reliable, but ELS often fails to achieve the sensitivity and selectivity required for carbohydrate detection in complex food matrices.

Another method is to use a mass spectrometer detector with an electrospray ion source (ESI). The Waters ® ACQUITY QDa Detector reduces detection limits and captures mass spectral information about the components in the sample. This combination of chromatographic retention time and mass information provides improved selectivity for the analysis of sugars and sugar alcohols. The ACQUITY QDa Detector is the only mass spectrometer designed specifically for use with LC systems. It can be configured in an LC instrument combination with the same space as the PDA detector. Users who are already familiar with HPLC can quickly use mass spectrometry to achieve better selectivity and sensitivity without undue training. In this application note, the ACQUITY QDa Detector is combined with the ACQUITY UPLC H-Class System for the analysis of sugars in milk and infant formula.


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