1 pruning principle and pruning time

The principle of pruning is “one year of shearing and one year of slowing” to achieve a smooth combination; winter tree cultivation and summer harvesting of heart-beating results; timely adjustment of planting patterns, updating of fruiting groups, and improvement of lighting conditions, so as to achieve early results and early high yields The purpose of high quality. “Cut a year” means that the central stem, main branch, and lateral branches are cut short; “slow for one year” means that the central stem, main branch, and side branches are not pruned.

Pruning of mature trees in winter starts from January and ends in early April; young trees are conducted from early March to early April. Summer pruning can be done throughout the growing season.

2 pruning technology

2.1 cropping techniques for planting patterns

The intercropping pattern with a row spacing of 0.5 m4 m is a transitional pattern, and the third year of grafting is a standardized model of 1.5 m4 m. This type of cultivation mainly uses a sparse layer of small crowns. The tree is characterized by a small tree, rapid formation, high utilization of light energy, stable tree structure, high yield, and easy management.

2.1.1 Grafting When grafted, when the seedling height is more than 50 cm, the trunk shall be “unhooed from the trousers” (removing the first second branch of the main stem and the jujube crane) and picking the heart (hand picking, no stubbing. Same as below. ); In late June, all jujube heads were picked up; in August, new jujube heads (autumn shoots) were picked in time. Pruning in winter is mainly to do a good job of red dates "three clear" work (the same below): Clear autumn shoots, lignified jujube hanging, secondary branches and sprouting on the trunk 30 ~ 50 cm above the ground. For jujube trees that are generally growing stronger (secondary branch diameter is greater than 0.8 cm), the first secondary branch on the head is cut off (1 cm of pile remains at the cut point, the same below), and the center stem is cultivated; the general growth is weaker. , Cut off the secondary branch by cutting off (re-cut dry) from 1 cm above the first secondary branch at the base of the trunk.

2.1.2 Grafting in the second year of summer pruning: The main buds in the center of the reserve will be cultured with extended heads, and the rest of the buds will be left with a 1 cm short pile topping; when the jujube head grows to 5 second branches, the heart will be picked up; the secondary branches will grow to 8 When jujube stocks topping. For the jujube that was weak and flat in the previous year, one jujube head was left, and it was picked up when it was 80 cm from the ground. Do a good job of "Sanqing" when pruning in winter. For trees with strong growth potential (secondary branch diameter greater than 0.8 cm), cut off the first secondary branch, leave the second, third, and fourth secondary branches of the second section short, cut the center stem and the first branch, and the rest The secondary branches were all sparsely removed; for the trees with weaker growth (less than 0.8 cm in the secondary branch diameter), the tree was slowly put for one year without the backbone branches.

2.1.3 In the third year of grafting, the dense lines were removed according to the row spacing of 1.5 m4 m. In summer, the main shoots on the main stem and the main shoots of the main branch of the first branch were used as extension heads, while the rest of the buds were left with 1 cm short stubs; the cultivars of the main stems and stems of the culture were grown to five secondary branches. When topping, the main branch prolongs the head as far as possible to select the second branch which grows outwards; when the second branch grows to 8 jujube stocks, it picks up the heart; in the middle and early July, the first branch of the first layer opens at an angle of 70°. For weaker growth and slow release in the previous year, timely removal of Meng, Zaotou topping. Do a good job of "Sanqing" when pruning in winter. The main stem of the stem and the first layer is not pruned. For the last year's slow release, follow the previous year's pruning method to cultivate the stem and the main branch.

2.1.4 Grafting In the summer of the fourth year, when pruning, slowly pick the heart and erase the bud. If the number of main branches in the previous year is not enough, the buds can be cultivated in a suitable position. For the pruned tree, take the method of last year, and select the bud and the main branch. Do a good job of "Sanqing" when pruning in winter. Cut off the central stem and the first second branch of the main branch of the first layer (take a pile of 1cm at the cutting point), continue to put the head and expand the canopy.

2.1.5 Grafting The main buds of the main stem and the main buds of the main branch of the first layer in the fifth year of summer pruning are used as extension heads, and the rest of the buds are left with 1 cm short piles topping; when the central stem and the main branch are on the top of the jujube head At the time of up to five secondary branches, the topping was done. The main branch extended head to select the second branch that grew outwards from the front; when the second branch grew to eight dates, it took the heart. In the first half of July, the main branch of the first floor extended its opening angle by 70 degrees. Do a good job of "Sanqing" when pruning in winter. Slowly release the stems and the main branch of the first layer, and then select two short cuts (1 cm of cut piles) on one branch of the main branch and leave them in the right position to cultivate lateral branches. The lateral branch is required to be 50-60 cm away from the base of the main branch, and the three lateral branches are on the same side.

2.1.6 Grafting During the summer of the 6th year, pruning explants were selected to cultivate collateral buds, and the remaining sprouts were left with a 1 cm short peg topping; the side branches of the jujube head were cultured with 5 second branches and the second branch was harvested with 8 jujube stocks. Do a good job of "Sanqing" when pruning in winter. For the first main branch and lateral branches, do not prune; cut off the uppermost secondary branch of the center stem, and leave 2 short cuts for the second and third secondary branches (1 cm short cuts for the cuts) to cultivate 2 sections. The main branch of 2 layers (the main branch of the 2nd layer should be staggered from the main branch of the 1st layer, the direction of the main branch is best to extend between the rows), and the interval between the layers is 1 m.

2.1.7 Grafting The main shoots of the main stem and the secondary shoots of the external buds and the main stems of the second layer during the summer of the seventh year of the pruning in the seventh year of the pruning, and the rest of the buds are left with a 1 cm short pile topping; the culture center is dry and the second The first branch of the main branch of the first two branches when the topping heart, the second branch of the 8 jujube stocks topping. In the winter pruning, the first branch of the first layer with room to grow between rows can continue short-screw crown expansion. After 6 to 7 years, the small crown sparse layer culture medium was completed. That is, there are 5 main branches in the whole tree, and they are placed on the upright center in 2 layers. The interval between layers is about 1 m. There are three main branches on the first floor, two on the second floor, and one side branch on the main branch on the first floor. The second floor directly produces the result branch. The stem height is about 0.8 m, and the crown and tree height should be controlled within 3 m.

After years of practice, the training of sparse layers can be summarized as: "May 12th." The "five" actually includes three "five", that is, when the grafting is in the same year, when the seedling height is 50 cm topping; the central stem, the main branch, and the lateral branches of the jujube head are bred to pick up the five secondary branches; the whole tree is cultured with five main branches. "One" is the winter pruning, cut off the center of the stem, the main branch of the upper second branch, cut the mouth left 1 cm piles, the backbone of the cultivation of sticks; summer stay 1 cm short pile topping, cultivation of woody date hanging. When the “two” is pruned in winter to cultivate the main branch or lateral branch, the second branch is left with two short cuts. "Eight" is pruned in summer and the second branch has 8 jujube stocks.

After 10 years of planting at a row spacing of 1.5 m4 m, canopies began to close, crosses between plants were blocked, and the light was poor, affecting the yield and quality of the fruit. The thinning of the septum was adopted and the standard was 3 m4 m. With the space permitting, according to the above method, the main branch of the first layer continued to be extended and crowned, and the second lateral branch of the first layer and the one lateral branch of the second layer were cultured to control the height of the crown. According to the results of the age of each branch, the resulting branch on the stem was updated in 3 to 5 years, that is, it was cut short at the base of the branch at 10 cm, and the new branch of the new jujube head was stimulated to stimulate budding buds. Not old.

2.2 pruning technology of pure date garden planting mode

The mode of pure jujube garden with a row spacing of 0.5 m2 m is an excessive pattern, and the pattern of thinning in the third year of grafting is 1 m2 m. Its tree structure mainly adopts uniaxial trunk shape. This tree is characterized by a reasonable layout of the branches and branches, good ventilation and light transmission, and a large number of valid jujube stocks per unit volume, which is conducive to early results, early high-yield and harvest management. As a result, the branches can be easily updated. Trimming technology is simple.

2.2.1 Grafting When pruning in winter, the jujube garden with strong general growth (secondary branch diameter greater than 0.8 cm) should be trimmed and the first secondary branch on the head should be cut off (1 cm of pile should be kept at the incision mouth) to cultivate the main trunk; If the growth is weaker, it should be leveled from 1 cm above the first secondary branch of the main stem to recultivate the trunk and secondary branches.

2.2.2 Grafting: During the summer of the second year of pruning, the main bud on the main stem is selected to be cultured to extend the head, and the rest of the buds are left to have a 1 cm short pile topping (incubation of lignified jujube hanging, the same below); when the jujube head grows to 5 secondary branches When the second branch grows to 6 jujube stocks, it is topping. For the jujube garden that grew weaker in the previous year, leave one jujube head and pick it up to 80 cm from the ground. Do a good job of "Sanqing" when pruning in winter. Do not trim the slow-drying. For the last year, the cultivation method can be used to cultivate the stems (after trimming and cultivating the tree in accordance with the "one-year cut and one-year reduction").

2.2.3 Grafting In the third year of the third year, the middle dense strain was removed and it became a density of 1 m2 m. In summer, 1 cm short piles were left to pick up the heart in a timely manner to promote the results of woody jujube hanging. For the pruned tree, take the last year's method and pick it up. Do a good job of "Sanqing" when pruning in winter. Cut out the first secondary branch of the head and extend it (1 cm of pile at the cut point).

2.2.4 Grafting In the fourth year of summer, the main buds on the dry leaves were cultured to extend the head, and the rest of the buds were left with a 1 cm short pile topping. When the new jujube head grows to 5 second branches, it is picked up and the second branch grows to 5 jujube stocks. Do a good job of "Sanqing" when pruning in winter. Slow release is not trimmed.

2.2.5 Grafting In the summer of the 5th year, a 1 cm short pile was left to pick up the heart in time to promote the results of lignification. Do a good job of "Sanqing" when pruning in winter. Cut out the first secondary branch of the head and extend it (1 cm of pile at the cut point). After the 5th year, due to the gradual decline in the ability of jujube stocks, the 4 secondary branches at the bottom of the trunk should be eliminated in time.

2.2.6 Grafting The main buds in the 6th year of summer pruning and selection are cultured to extend the head, and the rest of the buds are left with a 1 cm short pile topping. When the jujube head grows to 4 secondary branches, it is picked up and the secondary branch grows to 4 jujube stocks. Do a good job of "Sanqing" when pruning in winter. Slow release is not trimmed.

At this point, the single-axis trunk-shaped tree culture medium is completed, its structure is a single-axis trunk upright, stem height 40 cm, tree height control

Within 2.0 m, the branches and branches are directly on the trunk. The whole tree has 8 to 12 branches. As a result, the branches were strong and weak and distributed horizontally around the trunk.

2.2.7 Grafting After the 7th year and the 7th year, the canopy cannot be controlled. The ventilation and light transmission are poor, and the quality of the fruit is reduced. Excavation should be conducted between the dense or dense lines at a spacing of 2 m4 m. About 1 m around the main stem, the stem was cut off again, the first secondary branch was cut off (1 cm pile was left), and the short branches of the strong secondary branch with different orientations were left to remain in two sections and re-cultivated into small crown sparse layer. The method is the same as 2.1.

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