I. Management of planting grapes

1. Land preparation and improvement. Before planting, the soil preparation and soil improvement must be done to fundamentally improve the soil condition of the vineyard and improve soil fertility as soon as possible. Usually, the fertilization of the vineyard is combined with the digging and planting of the ditch. According to the planning and design of the central axis of planting behavior, excavation is 0.8-1.0 meters wide and 0.6-0.8 meters deep. During the ditching, 8-10 cubic meters of organic fertilizer such as sheep manure or chicken manure are mixed with the topsoil and then stacked on the west side of the planting ditch. The new soil is piled on the other side. After the ditch is dug, fill the bottom of the ditch with 10 cm. The left and right crop stalks were sprinkled with the appropriate amount of ammonium bicarbonate, and then the mixed topsoil and organic fertilizer were filled into the ditch. Insufficient portions were filled with surrounding topsoil and then poured into water.

2. Select seedlings. Facilities The planting of grapes generally uses large seedlings and strong seedlings, and once planted to ensure full seedlings. The quality of nursery stock is the key to the success of the establishment of the park. One-year-old seedlings generally require the development of root systems, with no less than 6 lateral roots and more than 20 cm of lateral root length. The length of rootstock is not less than 20 cm. When the length of rootstock is not enough, grafted varieties can easily affect rootstock rooting and affect the function of rootstock. The thickness of the varieties must be greater than 0.5-0.6 cm, and the organization is full and the degree of lignification is high. Nutrition bag seedlings require seedlings robust, rich roots, with three-leaf as one.

3. Timely planting. The annual seedlings can be planted in spring and autumn. After the soil is thawed in spring, the soil temperature reaches above 7°C, and the root system is better when it starts to move. The higher the ground temperature, the faster the new roots sprout and the higher the survival rate. The autumn plant is in the dormancy period before the soil is frozen. The establishment of nutrition bag seedlings should begin in mid-April and be postponed until early June.

When the 1 year old seedlings were planted, the planting hole was 0.3 m 0.3 m 0.4 m, and the seedlings were put into the hole to allow the roots to stretch. After filling the soil in the half hole, the seedlings were lifted upwards, then the soil was filled to the ground and the water was poured. When the soil is not sticky, it can be applied to the mulching film and the seedling stem can be pierced from the membrane. Grafted seedlings require planting more than 20 cm above the ground to prevent scion rooting, loss of rootstock effects, and even death.

2 In the case of colonization of the nutritional bags, the first irrigation is performed, then the mulching is performed. The mulching holes are suitably dug on the mulch, and the plastic bags are removed. The seedlings are gently inserted into the planting hole and filled to the ground.

3 The use of fences for the general selection of north and south direction, so that the light is uniform, but also easy to operate and manage. Generally take a spacing of 1.5-2.0 meters, spacing of 0.5 meters, or wide and narrow line, wide line 2.0-2.5 meters, narrow line 0.5 meters, 0.5 meters spacing. The cultivation of small scaffoldings is a multi-choice option for rowing and planting, which is conducive to the formation of scaffolds. Planting distances of 0.6 meters and spacing of 4-5 meters can be used. A row of fences was planted near the corridor, with a spacing of 0.5-0.6 meters. The current scaffolding was excavated when it reached the line.

Second, the management of grape planting in the year

1. Stubble. When the buds grow to 1-2 cm, leave 1-2 buds in the lower part and remove the remaining buds.

2. Set vines. The new shoots grow to 10-15 cm in size, leaving a large shoot removed to remove the female vines.

3. Take heart. When the new shoot grows to 100 centimeters or so, it will be picked up, and will be 80-90 centimeters long. After that, it will take 5 leaves for the extension shoot and 4 for the second time, and then repeat the 3 heart topping. In late July, all the seedlings that are not high enough are picked.

4. Auxiliary tip processing. Auxiliary shoots less than 30 cm from the ground are all wiped out. Auxiliary shoots of more than 30 cm are left to leave a leaf repeatedly topping.

5. The pole is tied. The new shooter is 40-50 cm long and erects a vertical tie.

6. Water and fertilizer management. Irrigation and siltation of soil once 15-20 days, sandy soil 10-15 days irrigation once. When the seedling height is 25 centimeters, topdressing is started. After each irrigation, the water is chased once. After the end of July, the control water is stopped and fertilizer is applied. Only foliar fertilizer is sprayed, and 0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed 3-4 times. Earlier topdressing urea, 15-20 kg/time compound fertilizer in the middle and late Mushi. In September, the base fertilizer was opened. The width of the ditch is about 0.4 meters wide, 2000 kg of organic fertilizer applied to Mushi and 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer.

7. Pest control. From June onwards, spray half a Bordeaux mixture for 2-3 times in intervals of 15 days. For example, if downy mildew occurs, spray metalaxyl manganese zinc, and Lei Duomier.

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