1. Variety selection. Should choose strong growth potential, strong branching ability, heat resistance, disease resistance, high yield, and green white or white varieties suitable for consumption habits in Hangzhou, such as the species are Changbai bitter gourd, Qingfeng bitter gourd, Zhuzhou Changbai bitter gourd and so on.

2. Sowing seedlings. Interplanted bitter gourd sowed in mid-January. Seed soaking before sowing germination, seeding after transplanting 2-3 days into the nutrients culture. Nursery sheds maintain a temperature of 25-30°C during the day and 15-18°C at night, with less watering and more light. From the two true leaves of the seedlings began to increase with the bitter gourd production treatment, once every 3-4 days, a total of 3 times.

3. Colonization. Ten centimeters of soil temperature is stable above 10°C (Hangzhou from late March to early April). The bitter gourd seedlings are planted on both sides of the shed and on the middle of the pod. Dig a hole in the middle of the beak and apply a little compound fertilizer. The spacing between the branches is 50 cm and 100 cm for the non-pruning. When planting, the root should not be in direct contact with the compound fertilizer, the cotyledons should be exposed on the ground, and the root water should be poured after planting.

4. Field management - The first cultivator in the 4-5 days after cultivating the root water, 7-10 cm deep, two cultivators after two weeks, 3-5 cm deep. No cultivator after the scaffolding. —— Top dressing 2-3 times top dressing. 2-3 days after colonization, the first topdressing was performed on a sunny day and evening evening. Thin human feces and urine were applied, and the second application was performed before flowering to promote fruiting. The third time after the harvest was applied twice, NPK combined use. In addition to dressing on the ground, it is also possible to topdress the foliage and promote vigorous growth of the plants. - Removal of Strawberries One week after the bitter gourd was colonized, the strawberry was set on the planting loquat and the strawberries on the edge of the bitter gourd were removed. After another week, in late April, all the strawberries on the planting louse can be removed to prevent strawberry roots and bitter gourd root from competing for nutrients. In May, remove all the strawberries and save management time. - Framed vines with arches as a structure. Bring bitter gourd on both sides to the middle of the vine. When it is 750px long, it is tied with vines. After that, it is tied every 4-5 times. - Trifoliate flowers to remove the base side vine. After the main vine is 1m long, two stout side vines are selected to lead to the main vine growth direction. For some female flowers, some female flowers may be properly removed to control the amount of individual plants and prevent melons and deformed melons. When males are too much, remove the unopened male flowers.

5. Harvested in time. White cultivars are rapidly expanding and prominent, and can be harvested when they are shiny. In the early stage, it should be harvested once every 5-6 days. The full fruit period should be 2-3 days. Before the sun comes out, it is advisable to collect the yellow color of the harvest at noon or in the afternoon and it is not tolerant of storage and transportation.

Bitter gourd cultivation technology

1 selection of land preparation. The bitter gourd is suitable for spring sowing. Bitter gourd hi, wet, fertility, impatient, should choose the upper layer, fertility, etc., convenient drainage and irrigation plots. Before the site preparation, 5000 kg of farmyard fertilizer was applied per mu, 40 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 30 kg of potassium fertilizer. Thirty centimeters of plough depth, leveling and snoring, and width of 1.6 meters.

2 germination sowing. Germination began around mid-March. Melon seeds were first soaked in warm water of 45°C-50°C, soaked for 24 hours after cooling, and then germinated under 30°C conditions after being expanded. The seeds were sown and germinated when the seeds were exposed to 50% white tip; Rolled into a cylinder with a diameter of 8 cm and a height of 10 cm, filled with nutrient soil and arranged in a seedbed. One seed was sown in each nutrient pot and watered immediately. After the water penetrated, 1 cm thick fine soil was sprinkled on it and then covered with plastic sheeting.

3 field management. (1) The temperature in the nursery shed is maintained at about 30°C during the day and not less than 15°C during the night. The first true leaf to 4 true leaf phases should be ventilated and cooled at noon to maintain 25°C-30°C. In the 7 days to 10 days before transplanting and planting, water should be controlled to lower the seedbed temperature. Gradually increase the ventilation time until the film is completely uncovered. (2) transplanting Dingmiao. The seedling age was planted in the field at the time of 5 leaves and 1 heart, and the suitable planting period was on April 25th. In the entire well, there are two rows of each row, with a 1.2-meter spacing and a 50-cm distance between the holes. Each hole is applied with about 20 grams of compound fertilizer, and 1600 -1,700 plants are planted on the acres. (3) Set up the stand. When bitter gourd starts to pump vines, it is necessary to build a “person” bracket. The top of the rack should be connected with a crossbar. The fixed pole should use a bamboo pole with a length of 2.5 meters and a diameter of 3 centimeters. In the early period, attention should be paid to artificially tying up vines and assisting melons to get on shelves. (4) Pruning fork. After the bitter gourd is put on the shelf, the main vine can not leave melons below 50 cm. The female flowers should be removed to facilitate the overall development. After the main vines have settled on 6 - 7 melons, leave 5 - 6 leaves topping and remove the remaining vines. (5) fertilizer and water management. The bitter gourd grows for a long period of time and the collection period lasts for more than 3 months. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure adequate supply of water and fertilizers, especially during the full fruit period. In case of drought, water should be poured every 7 days. Before watering, it should be combined with urea or compound fertilizer 7 kg per mu -10 kg, in case of continuous rain, should pay attention to drainage; at the same time foliar spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 times to 3 times. (6) Pest control. Diseases of bitter melon mainly include anthrax, which occurs more than in the middle and late stages. Control should be promptly removed from the residual, rotten, diseased leaves. Can also be used 50% thiophanate 800 times - 1000 times, or 70% of chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times daily spray control in the early stages of the disease, insect pests mainly aphids, cabbage caterpillar, available emulsion 1000 times - 2000 times or 40% Dimethoate 1500 times foliar spray. (7) Timely seed production. The fruits of a bitter gourd are mature one after another. During the prosperous period of melons, mature melons should be picked once a day; use scissors when picking them to avoid tearing them. At the same time, we must eliminate the mixed melons, choose the color and melon-shaped preserved seeds, and do the picking on the same day, take the seeds and wash them on the same day to ensure the seed germination rate.

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