Aflatoxin (AF) is the most toxic mycotoxin found so far. It can contaminate food and feed in a variety of ways, directly or indirectly into the human food chain, threatening human health and life safety, and causing serious damage to human and animal internal organs, especially the liver. The toxin is the metabolism of toxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. The product is ubiquitous in moldy food and food products. Aspergillus can be produced by Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus oryzae, and is a derivative of a group of chemical structural hormones of difuran coumarin. During storage, preparation and transportation of traditional Chinese medicine If it is improperly preserved, it may be contaminated with mildew and may contaminate aflatoxin. Aflatoxin is one of the most toxic compounds known in the world, and its carcinogenicity is certain. Strict control of aflatoxin residues in traditional Chinese medicine is of great significance to ensure medicinal safety.

Aflatoxin harm to human body

1, causing acute and chronic poisoning aflatoxin is a highly toxic substance, its toxicity is equivalent to 10 times of potassium cyanide, 68 times of arsenic. Aflatoxin is a liver poison. In addition to inhibiting the synthesis of DNA and RNA, it also inhibits the synthesis of liver proteins. Aflatoxin is indexed as an acute poisoning event in humans. There are many reports at home and abroad. The most typical is moldy corn in India. The incident directly killed dozens of people and hundreds of people suffered from different types of liver disease.

2, carcinogenic aflatoxin has a strong carcinogenicity, long-term intake of aflatoxin can induce liver cancer. Its ability to induce liver cancer is 75 times greater than that of dimethyl nitrosamine, and it is currently recognized as one of the most carcinogenic substances. According to the World Health Organization, aflatoxin content is low toxicity at 30-50 ug/kg, poisoning at 50-100 ug/kg, high toxicity at 100-1000 ug/kg, and extremely toxic at 1000 ug/kg or more. In view of the great harm of aflatoxin to humans, China has strictly regulated its content in food. Among them, the maximum allowable amount of aflatoxin in dairy products is 5ug/kg (ie 5ppb).

Type of aflatoxin

There are four main types of aflatoxins: B1, B2, C1, and G2, of which B1 is considered to be the main toxic substance, and there are two metabolites M1 and M2 of these toxins. Among them, aflatoxin B1 is mainly found in agricultural products, animal feed, traditional Chinese medicine and other products; aflatoxin M1 is a product of hydroxylation metabolism in the body after ingestion of aflatoxin B1 in animals, part of which is excreted from urine and milk, and part of which is present in The edible parts of animals, such as milk, liver, eggs, kidneys, blood and muscle, of which milk is most common. The toxicity and carcinogenicity of aflatoxin M1 is substantially similar to that of aflatoxin B1. Since cow's milk and its products are the main foods of humans, especially babies, they are more harmful.

Latest policies and national standards (including some foreign policies)

1. Since August 1, 2003, all enterprises engaged in the production and processing of rice, noodles, oil, soy sauce and vinegar in China have to pass the inspection before they can be listed. The Notice of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine on Printing and Distributing the Implementation Regulations for Five Kinds of Food Production Licenses Such as Wheat Flour clearly states that aflatoxin B1 must be tested.

2. In the eighth issue of the "Gazette of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China", the latest national standard for the detection method of aflatoxin is published:
(1) GB/T18979-2003 "Determination of aflatoxin in foods? - Immunoaffinity layer purification by high performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence spectrophotometry"
(2) GB/T18980-2003 "Determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk powder?? Immunophilic layer purification high performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence spectrophotometry"
Both national standards were implemented on August 1, 2003.
3. Special conditions for the mandatory detection of aflatoxin in peanuts and peanut products imported from China or entrusted from China by the EU resolution on February 4, 2002

Chinese and international standards for the detection of aflatoxins

1, the main national product name Chinese standard US standard EU corn, peanuts, peanut oil, nuts and dried fruit (walnut, almond) ≤ 20μg / kg (ppb) ≤ 20μg / kg
(ppb) ≤ 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 15 μg/kg (ppb)
Corn and peanut kernel products (converted by raw materials) ≤ 20μg / kg (ppb) ≤ 20μg / kg (ppb) ≤ 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 15μg / kg (ppb)
Rice, other edible oils (sesame oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, flax oil, tea oil, sesame oil, corn germ oil, rice bran oil, cottonseed oil) ≤10μg/kg
(ppb) ≤ 10μg / kg (ppb) ≤ 2, 4μg / kg (ppb)
Other foods (milk, flour, dried potato), fermented foods (soy sauce, vinegar, soybean meal, fermented products), starchy products (pastries, biscuits, bread, cakes) ≤ 5μg / kg (ppb) ≤ 5μg / Kg (ppb) shall not detect milk and its products (sterilized milk, fresh raw milk, whole milk powder, evaporated milk, sweetened condensed milk, cream), butter, fresh pig tissue (liver, kidney, blood, lean meat) ≤ 0.5 Gg/kg(ppb)≤0.5μg/kg(ppb)≤0.05μg/kg(ppb)
2. Other (1) WHO/FAO standards. The Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) of the International Health Organization (WHO)/World Food and Agriculture Organization recommends that the maximum allowable amount of aflatoxin in foods and feeds is less than 15 μg/kg for total abundance (B1+B2+G1+G2); M1 in milk. The maximum allowable amount is 0.5μg/kg
(2) South African standards. The maximum allowable standard for aflatoxins was enacted in 1990: the total amount of aflatoxin in food is less than 10 μg/kg, and aflatoxin B1 is less than 5 μg/kg.
(3) Other standards. The Indian standard is that aflatoxin B1 in peanuts is less than 30 μg/kg; the standard in Vietnam and Argentina is less than 20 μg/kg aflatoxin B1.

Aflatoxin detection method

The method for determining aflatoxin M1 is thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, mass spectrometry, and radioimmunoassay. These methods have more or less the following deficiencies:
(1) During the operation, it is necessary to use the highly toxic aflatoxin M1 as a calibration standard, which poses a huge risk of contamination to the operator, and the purchase of the aflatoxin M1 standard substance is very difficult.
(2) The operation process is cumbersome, complicated, long-term, and labor intensive.
(3) The equipment is expensive, cumbersome, and complicated to operate, making it difficult to achieve rapid on-site analysis.
(4) Sensitivity is poor, and it is difficult to obtain satisfactory results with repeatability.
The latest national standard method "immunoaffinity column method" mentioned in the fourth item above solves the above deficiencies better. The method can be detected by using a matching fluorometer or combined with high performance liquid chromatography. Solve problems such as standard contamination and complicated operation. At the same time, this method has good authority and versatility, and is recognized by many foreign organizations and is listed as a standard method, such as:
American Association of Public Analytical Chemists (AOAC)
US Department of Agriculture Federal Grain Testing Center (FGIS)
International Association of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)
US Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA)
US Department of Agriculture (USDA)
At the same time certified institutions in the country:
China Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau (CIQ)
National Standard of the People's Republic of China (GB)

CSY- E 96 H aflatoxin rapid test   The principle of solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent ELISA, ie, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; quantitative detection of aflatoxins (B1, B2, in food , food , feed , oil , dairy products , drugs , beverages , milk, wine, etc.) G1, G2 M1 M2 AFM1, AFP1, AFQ1, AFB1-2, 3-epoxide) content. And can be connected to food safety monitoring system, aflatoxin rapid detector, drug residue detector is widely used in product quality supervision and inspection, health and epidemic prevention, environmental protection, business management, aquatic products wholesale market, noodle production base, farm, grain Banks, supermarkets, shopping malls, major food safety monitoring systems and other departments.

Aflatoxin rapid detector   Technical Parameters:

☆ wavelength range: 300nm-1000nm

☆ Wavelength accuracy: ± 2nm

☆ Absorbance range: 0.000~4.000ABS

☆ Resolution: 0.001Abs

☆ Stability : ±0.001A/hr

☆ Transmittance repeatability: ≤0.5%T

☆Light source : Imported LED

☆ sample cell : microplate

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