China's mushroom production ranks first in the world, and the mushroom is an important export product in China. With the migration of southern mushrooms, the output of northern mushrooms increased year by year. For mushroom growers, how to use scientific cultivation management techniques to produce more quality mushrooms is the key to higher economic efficiency.

First, the "phase" management

Mushroom fungus period of about 80 days, in order to fully develop bacteria, reduce pollution, according to the talented stage of management.

1 to 6 days after inoculation, it is the period of mycelium germination and colonization. Since the mycelial growth potential is weak, the greenhouse temperature needs to be controlled at about 28°C. And this time should not move bacteria bags to prevent bacterial infections, while not ventilation or a small amount of ventilation.

7 to 10 days after inoculation, mycelium spreads into the material and the temperature of the bag gradually increases. The shelf temperature needs to be controlled at 25°C~27°C. After 9 days, it began to turn over. During the turn, the growth of mycelium and the infection of various bacteria were checked bag by bag. When the missing bacteria bags and inoculated holes without bacteria are found, they should be collected in one place and the mold should be removed. The affected area should be smeared with 5%~10% lime water. Ventilate 1 or 2 times a day for about 30 minutes each time.

11 to 20 days after inoculation, hyphae entered a vigorous growth period, and metabolic activity was accelerated. The temperature of the bag was 1°C~5°C higher than the shelf temperature. Special attention should be paid to cooling and ventilation. This period needs to control the temperature of the greenhouse at 20 °C ~ 24 °C, daily ventilation 1 ~ 2 hours.

21 days after inoculation, due to the large growth of mycelium, the oxygen in the bag could not meet the requirements for mycelial growth. Hypoxia was the limiting factor for mycelial growth. Bagging should be removed in time, or oxygen should be increased by puncture. After bagging or puncture is removed, the growth of mycelium is accelerated and the temperature of the bag will increase. At this time, the ventilation volume should be increased and the bacteria bags should be scattered.

After 30-50 days, the mycelium is covered with bacteria bags, which can be used for the management of bacterial bag coloration and physiological maturity. Bacteria bag color transformation is a special physiological process of mushroom mycelium development, and it is also a sign of the development and maturation of mycelium. The temperature of the shed should be controlled at 18°C~24°C when the bag is changed color, and the air humidity should be controlled at 80%~85%, with certain scattered light and good ventilation conditions. When the mycelium is full of bacteria bags, the cover of the mushroom shed should be removed to increase the illumination in the shed; the shed temperature should be controlled at 20°C to 24°C, and the temperature difference should not be too large; If you use a large bag cultivation, bag color conversion time 25 to 30 days; if you use a small bag cultivation, bag color conversion time 10 to 15 days. In this process, the conditions for color conversion are appropriate, and the bacteria bags are evenly colored, the mushrooms are neat, the yield is high, and the quality is good. If the color is too light or uneven, there will be more malformed mushrooms. If the color is too heavy and the pellicle membrane is too thick, the mushroom will be slow and the yield will be low.

Second, the mushroom must first "education" after "cockroach"

"Education" refers to the bud of a mushroom. The main management tasks at this stage are cutting membranes and sparse buds. Mushroom buds appear only after a small gray-brown “meat” and have not yet differentiated. They have not touched plastic films. Method: Use a sharp blade to cut the plastic film around the mushroom buds into the appearance of a “moving door”. This will not prevent the mushroom buds from drilling out, but it will also prevent excessive airflow to prevent excessive loss of water from the culture. Care must be taken not to touch the mushroom buds or to top the plastic film before cutting the membrane. Otherwise, malformation mushrooms will occur. When the film is cut or after the young buds are drilled, it is found that when there are clusters of mushroom buds (two or three or more mushroom buds crowded together), the buds should be treated and the edge of the mushroom buds cut. Go, if the operation is inconvenient, you can only cut off the upper part (about the cap) and keep a round mushroom bud.

“蹲” refers to the bud of a mushroom. The purpose is to cultivate a large, thick mushroom bud. The budding method is very simple, it is cooling. Mushroom buds like to grow at 15 °C ~ 22 °C temperature, at 14 °C temperature slow down significantly, if conditions, cooling to 12 °C, or even 8 °C, can achieve the purpose of buds. If you combine short-term direct light and low air humidity, it will help buds. Generally, the temperature of about 15°C lasts about 7 days, and it can achieve the goal of budding.

Third, fill the water after harvest fertilizer

After shiitake mushrooms are harvested, proper replenishment of topdressing must be carried out to promote the growth of the next oyster mushroom. Water replenishment method: Use a plastic pipe with a diameter of 2 cm to install along the axillary direction, and set a total water pipe in the middle of the mushroom ridge. A small water pipe is branched on the main water pipe. The length of the small water pipe is about 50 cm. The 12th needle is installed to control the water flow. The water supply is provided by the main water pipe and the other end is sealed. The water container is more than 2 meters above the bacteria bag, so that the water flow has a certain gap. When the water is injected, the center of the bag is a hole with a 6 mm diameter iron rod. The hole depth is about 3/4 of the length of the bacteria bag and cannot be inserted in the end. In order to avoid the loss of water injected. Since the flow is controlled by the needle, the injected water can be absorbed by the bacteria bag without overflow. Each bag can generally be rehydrated in 15 minutes.

After the replenishment, cover the film, control the temperature at 20°C~22°C, change the air 1~2 times per day, each time for 1 hour. The water injection provides sufficient moisture for the bacteria bag, and at the same time it increases the wet/dry difference and temperature difference. After 6 days, mushroom buds began to appear and the fruiting bodies were evenly distributed. Topdressing can be combined with replenishment at the same time. Water-soluble fertilizers should be selected.

YT-H008

YT-H008

YT-H008

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