Alias, also known as the mountain potato, is a herb for perennial herbs. Chinese medicine believes that the mountain has a variety of effects such as strengthening the spleen, invigorating the lungs, fixing the kidney, and benefiting the essence. As a high-nutrition food, Shanshan contains a large amount of starch and protein, a variety of vitamins, glucose, crude protein amino acids, bile alkali, allantoin and so on. One of the important nutrients, diosgenin, is a pioneer in the synthesis of female hormones. It has the effects of nourishing yin and yang and enhancing metabolism. The viscous liquid and digestive enzymes contained in fresh tubers can prevent cardiovascular fat deposition. Helps digestion and absorption of the gastrointestinal system. Because of the high economic value of the mountains, the market prospects are good. The vegetable cultivation in recent years has aroused the attention of a large number of peasant friends. The China Agricultural Net now summarizes the main cultivation techniques of Shanshan as follows.

First, biological characteristics

Hill Hi warm and moist, avoid water, fear of drought. Appropriate for fertile, deep soil, well-drained sandy loam. The stems and leaves are like high temperature, dry and frost-free. The optimum temperature for growth is 25-28°C. Tubers are extremely drought tolerant, and well-drained and fertile sandy loam soils are suitable. Clay easily causes tubers to be large, roots are large, shape is not correct, and prone to flat heads and bifurcations. Hi organic fertilizer, but the manure must fully decomposed and mixed with the soil evenly, otherwise the soft tissue of the apex of the tuber once touched the raw manure or fecal matter, will cause bifurcation, or even necrosis due to dehydration. In the early stage of growth, it is necessary to supply nitrogen fertilizer, which is beneficial to the growth of stems and leaves. In the middle and late stages of the growth period, it is necessary to supply nitrogen fertilizer to keep the stems and leaves from decaying. In addition, additional phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are needed to facilitate tuber enlargement. After emergence, the tuber growth needs not much water in the early stage to facilitate the formation of deep tubers and tubers in tubers.

Second, the growth process

From buds to tubers, the mountains can be divided into the following four periods:

1 Germination period. It takes about 35 days from the start of the seedlings to germination, and it takes about 50 days for the seedlings. The shoot buds were drawn upward from the top of the buds, and the stems were pumped from the buds. When the tubers are as long as 1 to 3 centimeters, the bud shoots out of the ground.

2 Rejection period. This period lasted for 60 days. The growth was dominated by stems and leaves, and tuber growth was minimal.

3 Tuber growth is booming. The growth from buds to stems and leaves is basically stable and takes about 60 days. During this period, the growth of stems and leaves and the growth of tubers are extremely strong, but the growth center is in the tubers.

4 In dormant period, stems and leaves decline due to frost, and tubers enter dormancy.

Third, cultivation techniques

1 Mountain cultivation season

From the beginning of the last frost planting in early spring until the end of fall and winter frost.

2 Seeding materials

The sowing materials for the mountains include: hills, branches, and more than one child. The original source of mountains was from more than one child. In the first year of the fall, large-scale zero-storied seeds are used for storage in the winter; in the second spring, the first half of the frost is sown on the ground, or it can be planted after germination on the seedbed. Hill tubers are susceptible to adventitious buds and can be cut and propagated. Most of the flat stalks only sprout on the stem side of the tuber. King Wang's yam king, Peng Chuanchong, cuts the slivers and cuts it to about 100 grams. Any part of the long column can germinate, can be reproduced in accordance with 10-15 cm long section, called the mountain section, long column species at the top of a bud, so often intercept this section for species use, commonly known as mountain? Planting.

3 Soil preparation and planting

The tubers of the mountain grow deeper into the soil and should be partially deep-turned or ditched. Rotation is based on 1 meter away from the ditch, 25 cm wide, 0.5-1 m deep, depending on the species; intercropping is 2-3 meters to ditch. Gully is best plowed before winter and turned into the ditch in early spring as the soil thawed. At the end, the plant was planted in 1 meter wide. The sowing method is: generally use a single row of seeding, open 10 cm deep trenches in the center of the loquat, and then lay the hills or branches in the trenches 15-20 centimeters apart, cover 8-10 cm.

4 Field Management

Pest control 1 Anthracnose Hill Anthracnose early yellow leaves appear on the small spots, expanded into irregular lesions, the edge was brown, the center scattered small black spots, later part of the lesion perforation. The conidia plate and conidia of the pathogenic bacteria overwintered on diseased leaves, and the disease was severe from June to August. The plants often lost yellow and fallen leaves. Control methods: During the winter harvest, remove the stubble leaves of the diseased plants, normally open the drainage ditch, reduce the humidity in the field, and spray 1:1:100 Bordeaux fluid protection before the onset of disease. In the early stage of disease, spray with 50% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times solution. 2 Brown leaf disease Brown leaf disease, also known as "wild leaf disease," is an important disease in the mountains. At the beginning of the disease, yellow or yellowish white spots were found on the lower leaves, and spots were not obvious on the lower leaves. The lesions of the late lesions turned brown and slightly protruded, and the central part was light brown, scattered with small black spots, and sometimes the perforation was broken. A large number of lesions can make the whole leaf brown and die. The wintering of mycelia or conidium discs was added to the victim's department, and the spores were formed after the spring of the following year, and spread with wind and rain. It usually begins in mid-July and late July. It is seriously damaged in August, and it is easy to get sick in wet and rainy conditions. Control methods: implement rotation. Clean the garden and eliminate the sources of overwintering bacteria. Immediately after the onset of disease, the diseased leaves were cut off and sprayed with 65% zeocin, once every 7 days, and sprayed 2 or 3 times. 3 In the mountain root growth period, often bite the roots, the root growth after the damage is not big, after processing scraping skin becomes yellow brown. Cooked not bad, taste bitter, hard after drying, quality deterioration. Control methods: 30 kg of tea seed cake can be used per acre for soil preparation. If there is any waxing damage during the leaping period, 90% of the dipterex can be used to inject poison and kill it. 4 The spider mites are often clustered on the backs of the leaves and suck the sap, causing the leaves to turn yellow from the green and finally fall off, causing early atrophy of the plants. Control methods: At the beginning of the disease, 25% of Zhongkemei Ling is sprayed and killed at 1500~2000 times. After 5 days, 35% of Cici is sprayed with 1200 times of liquid to kill eggs and kill.

After the emergence of cuttings or cut segments sprouting several seedlings, should be early sparse weak seedlings, keep 1 to 2 strong. The side branches at the base of the main stem obstruct ventilation and light transmission and should be removed. During the mass formation of the surplus, in order to avoid excessive consumption of nutrients, some of them can be removed early.

After the sowing, the base dung can be applied before the planting, combined with the application of available nitrogen fertilizer. Hair crops are topdressed for 1 or 2 times to ensure that they are needed. When budding, stems and leaves and tubers begin to grow vigorously, and NPK fertilizer should be re-applied once. Weeding and weeding are combined with top dressing and watering. The cultivator should be shallow and the weeds in the near plants should be removed by hand so as not to damage the root system. Tubers thrive during the growing season to keep the soil moist. The mountains are drought-tolerant crops, but they must be properly watered for high yields. Generally, before and after the first topdressing, in case of prolonged drought and no rain, the soil is fully white, should be poured lightly 1-2 times, until the surface of the soil can be wet; later to the turn of summer and autumn, in case of hot and arid climate lasts 1 week Above, it is also necessary to pour cold water in the early morning to fight drought: The mountain is more afraid of embarrassment, and the rainy season must be cleared of gutters in a timely manner to achieve no water accumulation in the fields.

5 Harvest

The stems and leaves can be harvested when the first frost is yellow.

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