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During seed storage, its quality depends mainly on the respiration of the seed itself and the influence of the surrounding environment. To ensure the safe storage of seeds, the following aspects should be done:
1 Clearance and disinfection
1.1 Clearance
Clearance includes cleaning inside the warehouse and cleaning outside the warehouse. The cleanup in the warehouse should not only remove the residual seeds, impurities, and garbage from the warehouse, but also clean up the warehouse, clear the ventilation facilities, scratch the insect nests, bird nests, repair the walls, and paint. Outside the warehouse to clear the weeds to eliminate sewage, to ensure that there is no water around the warehouse, so that the environment outside the warehouse is always dry and clean.
1.2 Disinfection
There are two types of disinfection in the warehouse: spraying and fumigation. 80% of dichlorvos EC can be sprayed for vaccinating with 1500 times of diluted liquid, and 100 times of liquid can be sprayed with trichlorfon; the fumigation can be fumigated with aluminum phosphide, and the doors and windows are closed 3~4d after use, and then Ventilation 2 ~ 3d. Before the seeds are sterilized, the warehouses are thoroughly cleaned once before depositing seeds.
2 Featured seeds
The seeds for storage must meet the standards of “pure, clean, full, strong, healthy, and dryâ€. Strictly prohibit the storage of high-moisture seeds in order to avoid or suppress the occurrence of pests and diseases; at the same time, it can extend the shelf life of seeds and reduce losses. For unqualified or damp seeds, further selection, air-drying, removal, and processing shall be carried out, and the quality may be repacked and stored only after being qualified.
3 Seed Storage
3.1 The principle of stacking seeds
The stacking of seeds should be based on the principles of safe and safe storage, full use of storage capacity, protection against miscellaneous impurities, and ease of ventilation, handling, and inspection. Persist in stacking according to different varieties, different grades, different moisture content, over-worn, old species and new species. There shall be a signboard on the stack, and there shall be labels inside and outside the bagged seeds, indicating the seed name, origin, year, storage purity, cleanliness, moisture, germination rate, etc., and keep the ground clean at all times.
3.2 Seed stacking method
Seeds are stacked in bulk and packed in two forms. The bulk is suitable for seeds with good warehouse sealing performance, low seed moisture content, and consistent quality. The stack height is 2～3m. For ease of management and inspection, the stacking of the packaging should be 0.5m from the wall and 0.6m from the rake to the operating and ventilation ducts. The height and width of the seed are determined according to the seed's dryness and the seed's condition, but the two sides of the seed seed must be kept in contact with the sample. The twist should be parallel to the doors and windows of the warehouse, so that opening the doors and windows is beneficial to the air. Circulation. It is better to use "not" shape for shape.
3.3 Prevention of seed condensation
In the early winter when the temperature dropped or during the early summer when the temperature rose, due to the large temperature difference between the surface of the seed and the outside world, condensation is most likely to occur. Seed condensation Water vapor that is too saturated in wet air condenses on the seed surface to form water droplets.
(1) Ensure that the seeds are dry, and it is forbidden to store seeds with excessive moisture. The qualified seeds that have just been processed cannot be put into storage immediately and must be parked outside the library for 1 to 2 days for cooling. Cooling the seeds after cooling can prevent condensation on the floor.
(2) Before the seeds are put into the warehouse, the warehouse needs to open the doors and windows in advance to ventilate and dry 1~2d.
(3) In spring, one or two breathable sacks are covered on the seed surface; when the temperature drops in the late autumn and early winter, the seeds are often turned 20 to 30 cm; the bottom of the seed pods is separated from the ground by a bolster, fully guaranteeing the bottom of the seed pods. The ventilation is smooth and the ground moisture is cut off from the bottom of the seed pods.
(4) Check frequently and find problems in time.
3.4 Prevention of seed fever
In the season when the temperature rises, the temperature of the species rises faster than the rate of temperature rise, and the temperature of the species continues to rise during the season when the temperature is decreasing. These abnormal phenomena are mostly caused by the fever of the seeds. The seedlings with high water content, high metabolism, poor management, rainy weather in the warehouse, and mixed seeds of different batches with large water content may cause fever of the seeds and are often accompanied by mildew and accelerated seed loss. .
(1) Before the seeds are put into storage, the selection, drying, and grading must be strictly performed. The seeds that cannot meet the standard must not be put in storage. The seeds must be cooled before entering the storehouse.
(2) Clearance and disinfection to improve storage conditions. The warehouse must be ventilated, airtight, temperature-isolated, and heat-resistant, so that airtight work can be done during climate change. Promptly check the maintenance warehouse to avoid leakage of moisture. When the temperature inside the bin is higher than the temperature outside the bin, ventilate it in time to ensure safe storage of the seeds.
(3) Strengthen management and diligently check. When it is found that the seeds show signs of fever or dampness, they should immediately take the ditch, lower and upper layers, dump the foodstuffs, spread the food, spread the air, and pass the wind. If there is fever or deterioration of moisture, remove the deteriorated part in time and re-select the packaging for storage.
4 Reasonable ventilation
Ventilation has natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation. Natural ventilation refers to opening the doors and windows of warehouses and through the ventilation holes left on the walls of the warehouse to allow natural convection of air to achieve the purpose of reducing the temperature in the warehouse. Mechanical ventilation is fast and efficient, but it requires complete facilities.
Before ventilation, the temperature and relative humidity inside and outside the warehouse must be measured to determine whether ventilation can be performed. Generally outside the warehouse temperature and humidity are lower than the warehouse can be ventilated, rainy days, thick fog days should not be ventilated.
Safe storage technology of seeds
0 Preface