Sows have less postpartum feed intake, constipation leads to less milk, and the consequences of less sow milk water are affecting the growth and development of piglets, which has become a headache for farmers. Therefore, solving the postpartum constipation problem of sows and promoting the feeding of sows have become the top priority of the daily work of the farmers.

First , the cause of postpartum constipation in sows

1. Improper feeding before and after childbirth, insufficient dietary fiber, insufficient granules, insufficient crude fiber content, and no feeding of greenish feed cause constipation of rectal peristalsis and constipation. In order to enhance the maternal body condition and the birth weight of the piglets before the birth, the farmers increase the proportion of concentrate in the feed, reduce the supply of roughage and even feed the green feed. The sow has a smaller stomach volume due to increased abdominal pressure during the late pregnancy. The amount of food is also reduced and constipation occurs. Farmers see that the amount of milk in postpartum sows is less than that of feeding concentrates. A large amount of concentrates need a lot of water to decompose in the body, and the lack of drinking water in sows leads to constipation. Sows change their gastrointestinal absorption and secretion functions from low-protein diets to high-protein diets before and after childbirth. Excessive protein leads to slower bowel movements leading to constipation.

2. Heat stress causes constipation. The warm weather causes the temperature in the sow house to be too high. When the temperature in the pig house exceeds 32 °C for several days, it can cause heat stress in the sow. The temperature of the sow is also increased under high temperature, and the respiratory rate is accelerated. Metabolic disorders, loss of water in the body, and inability to get timely supplements lead to disorders of water and salt metabolism and constipation.

3. Physiological factors. Sows need a lot of water to secrete milk after giving birth, which causes the large intestine to absorb less water and dry stools. Compared with the pregnant phase, the sow has a particularly strong ability to digest and absorb during lactation, and the ability to absorb water in the posterior segment of the intestine leads to constipation caused by dry stool.

4. Lack of exercise and insufficient drinking water. The gestational sows in the scale field are mostly kept in the limit column, and the single pig house structure limits the activity of the sow. Long-term lack of exercise in sows causes decreased gastrointestinal function and slows bowel movements, causing constipation. Water is the most important substance in life, and it is also the most easily overlooked part of pig farm production. For lactating sows that require large amounts of lactation and feeding, the quality of the water and the availability of water will affect physiological metabolism. Once water is scarce, it can cause constipation in sows. Although most of the pig farms have promoted the use of drinking fountains, the drinking fountains cannot be used normally due to the lack of regular inspection of equipment, aging of water pipes, and insufficient pressure. Especially in the hot summer, due to insufficient water pressure or high water temperature, the sows may suffer from constipation due to lack of drinking water.

Second, the symptoms and harms of postpartum constipation in sows

Postpartum constipation in sows is common in summer farms. If not treated in time, the feces will accumulate in the intestines, and it is difficult or even defecation to induce a series of diseases. The accumulated feces are fermented in the intestines to produce heat, causing an increase in body temperature and systemic diseases. At the same time, the toxin produced by abnormal fermentation of the feces causes damage to the body organs through the blood, leading to various inflammations such as uterine inflammation and mastitis. In addition, the toxins produced by the fermentation of feces and the resulting mastitis cause the piglets to squat through the milk. Sows with constipation have poor appetite, malnutrition, and decreased lactation quality, which in turn affects piglet development. Constipation can also cause sows with wilting or irritability, such as seizures, crushing, and pinching piglets. Long-term constipation or constipation symptoms can cause sows to recede or even eclipse, resulting in postpartum sows can not be estrus or even estrus, sows use years of shortening and thus reduce production efficiency, seriously affecting the economic benefits of the farm.

Third, how to prevent postpartum constipation in sows

1. Improve the crude fiber content in the diet of postpartum sows and properly feed some green and juicy feed before the birth. Adding 5% to 8% of wheat bran and greenish feed 1.5 to 2.0 kg/(per day) to the sow lactation diet is very beneficial in preventing sow constipation. The green feed contains a lot of crude fiber and water, which can effectively alleviate constipation caused by slowing of intestinal peristalsis and dysbacteriosis.

2. Provide adequate drinking water and promote proper exercise of the sow. Insufficient drinking water can cause a series of problems such as loss of appetite, insufficient lactation, constipation, etc. The normal drinking water of lactating sows should be no less than 15~20L/(per head per day). Improve the quality standards for drinking water, especially in the summer, and provide adequate and clean drinking water and regularly check whether the water supply system is unblocked and the sink is clean. Reasonable planning of the construction of pig farms to provide free activities for sows, proper lighting and exercise will help prevent constipation in postpartum sows.

3. Take cooling measures and reduce heat stress. Provide suitable environment for postpartum sows, such as adding water curtains, exhaust fans, electric fans and other equipment in the pig house to reduce the ambient temperature to a suitable temperature, thus preventing sow constipation caused by high temperature and high humidity heat stress.

4, restore the feed intake after delivery, the feed intake will increase the amount of milk. The postpartum feed intake of the sow has a direct or indirect effect on the recovery of the uterus, the quality of the milk, the growth and development of the piglets, the weaning estrus, the weight of the weaning nest, and the survival rate, so the appetite recovery of the sow after childbirth is essential. Improve the grade of feed ingredients and add healthy Chinese herbal medicine and multi-dimensional, etc., quickly restore the sow's physical capacity to enhance its physiological functions, thereby solving constipation caused by feeding problems.

5, for the constipation of the serious female animal with concentrated soapy water enema, while injecting three grass needles (silver, Andrographis paniculata, Radix Isatidis extract). It can be used to treat postpartum sow constipation by using Chinese herbal medicine. It can regulate the intestinal tract, maintain the stability of water and salt metabolism, and improve the immunity of the sow's body.

A series of problems caused by postpartum constipation in sows will undoubtedly have a negative impact on the economic benefits of the farm. Therefore, it is necessary for the farmers to take some measures to reduce the chance of constipation in the sows after birth. Therefore, scientific breeding of sows improves the physical function of the sows. The level of production has a certain meaning.

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