Common feed and nutritional characteristics

1, green feed: There are many types of green feed, including various weeds, various available branches, leaves, as well as cultivated pasture, leafy vegetables, aquatic green feed and so on.

2. Silage: This is a kind of feed made by chopping green succulent feed, compacted, sealed in silo (pool) or plastic bag, and produced by lactic acid fermentation. Silage is characterized by sweet and sour smell, good palatability, rich nutrition, and long-term preservation. Sheep farms and sheep raising specialists can use it as a good feed for winter sheep. Straws of barley, green corn and other crops, peanut vines, hawthorn vines, and various grasses and weeds can be used as silage materials. The silage can replace 50% of the roughage in the diet. It is a winter feed for Boer goats. Silage must be of good quality without mold, otherwise it will cause gastrointestinal disorders.

3. Dry roughage: Dry roughage is an important feed for Boer goats during feeding period or half-feeding period. Including hay, straws, oyster shells, and vines of various crops, this is the most abundant resource and the lowest cost feed. In order to make full and reasonable use of such roughage, scientific and rational methods of processing and modulation must be used to increase its feed value.

4. Concentrates: Concentrates mainly refer to the seeds of leguminous crops, legumes and processing by-products. Such as corn, barley, soybeans, bran, cakes, etc., the digestible nutrients high concentrate feed, Boer is a necessary supplementary feed for goats, especially in pre-slaughter fattening season and winter and spring should pay attention to supplement concentrate feed.

5. Succulent feed: Mainly refers to root and tuber feeds such as carrots, hawthorn, potatoes, beets and pumpkins, which are characterized by high water content, low dry matter content, low crude fiber content, rich vitamin content, and high digestibility. Good feed for goats in winter and spring.

6, animal feed: mainly refers to fish, meat and dairy products by-products and other animal products in general. Commonly used eggs, fish meal, meat and bone meal, blood meal, feather meal, silkworm cocoon, whole milk and skim milk. Animal feeds are high protein feeds and generally contain more than 50% protein at a relatively high cost. Ruminants are rarely used as animal protein feeds, but animal feeds may be properly supplemented in the lactation of Boer goat ewes, peak breeding of male rams, and finishing of hybrid sheep.

7, mineral feed: natural feed contains mineral elements, but there are incomplete ingredients, varying levels and other issues. Therefore, Boer goats in house feeding and grazing should appropriately supplement some minerals to breed ewes, rams and lambs in their growth stages. Calcium-containing mineral feeds include shell powder and stone powder. Calcium and phosphorus mineral feeds mainly include bone meal and calcium phosphates. Salt can supplement the sodium and chlorine needed by the sheep and stimulate appetite and promote digestion. In addition, trace elements such as zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, cobalt chloride, and magnesium sulfate are also needed.

Precautions The supply of concentrate should be arranged and supplied according to differences in herd structure, breeding plan, grazing intake, and nutritional needs. The hay supplied during the winter and spring withered season should be arranged according to the length of the subsistence period in the area. For example, if the northern general herbage period is 4 months to 6 months, the amount of dry matter eaten by the boer goat is 2.5% of its body weight. %, including the proportion of roughage in the diet: 60% of lambs after weaning, 80% of adult sheep, and 30% higher than the actual arrangement. Artificial pasture In recent years, artificial grasslands and improved natural pastures have continued to increase in size. Pastures on artificial pastures can be used to cover feeding and grazing in the winter subaltern season.

1. Perennial ryegrass: adaptable to the soil, strict requirements on the soil, regenerative ability and cold-resistant ability, yield 5000 kg of fresh grass per mu, returned to green after seven days of castration, soft grassy, ​​aromatic, palatable it is good.

2. Red clover: Leguminosae, perennial (2 to 4 years), adapting to humid and warm climates, not too hot in summer, and most suitable for planting in regions where winter is not too cold. Red clover has high yield and strong regenerability. It can be cut three times a year in Beijing, with a yield of about 2,000 kilograms per mu. It can be cut 4 times to 5 times in the south, and the management yield can reach 4000 kg to 5000 kg.

3, white clover: leguminous, perennial herb, long life, generally more than 10 years. Hi warm, humid climate, suitable growth temperature of 19 °C ~ 24 °C, heat resistance, cold resistance than the strong red clover. Acid-resistant soil, intolerant to salinity, intolerance to drought, high nutritional value, regardless of grazing or cutting mainly use its leaves, the yield is relatively low.

4, alfalfa: leguminous perennial, known as the king of pasture, the use of life span of 5 years to 7 years, like warm semi-arid climate, warm and cool night is most suitable for growth. Strong cold resistance, resistant to low temperatures of 20°C. Hi-neutral or slightly alkaline soil. Castration at the early flowering stage, affecting production prematurely, can be cast 3 to 4 times a year in the Beijing area. High nutritional value, rich in crude protein, minerals, and vitamins. The average yield of green grass 4000 kg to 5000 kg, every 2 kg to 3.5 kg of fresh grass can be dried 1 kg of hay.

5, Lotus root (also known as croissants): Leguminosae, perennial herb. Hi warm and humid climate, poor cold tolerance, not suitable for cold and dry areas, can also grow in the barren and poor drainage of soil. Resistance to trampling, grazing, moderate regeneration. High nutritional value, good quality and good palatability. Suitable for pasture-based grassland, the stems and leaves contain low saponin, sheep after eating is not easy to cause bloated belly disease.

6. Pleurotus brevifolia: An annual or short-term perennial herb of Gramineae. Suitable for humid and warm winter weather, poor cold resistance. In Beijing and Inner Mongolia, they must not be overwintering, have strong salt and alkali resistance, and have strong drought resistance, but they are impatient with stagnant water and require high soil fertility. Pleurotus ostreatus has good palatability, and all kinds of domestic animals like to eat. 700 kg hay production. Modulation feed should be properly modulated, fine material processing into 0.5 cm ~ 0.6 cm particles is better, straw and grass cut into 1 cm ~ 2 cm is appropriate, tubers, tubers, fruits before feeding Wash and cut into small pieces. Fine feed must be properly matched and diversified, especially for protein, minerals, trace elements, vitamins A, D, and E. The grasses are best cut at the heading stage, and the leguminous grasses are castrated at the early blooming stage. The water content of the grass should be below 15%, reaching a green scent and containing no impurities. The corn stalks that make the silage should be harvested at the ripening stage. The silage should be green or yellow-green and have a scent of wine. Feeding amount of silage, adult Boer goats daily 2 kg to 2.5 kg, ewe 2 kg to 2.3 kg, lambs should not feed.

1, the modulation of hay Dry grass, hawthorn vine, peanut stalk modulation is mainly cut short. Short cuts both reduce waste and increase feed intake. Usually cut into small segments of 3 cm to 4 cm, and mix as much as possible with grass hay and legume hay. The short cut hay can be mixed with fresh water or light salt water and then sprinkled with some fine material to feed the sheep. The effect will be better. Concentrate can be used as needed corn flour, bran or compound feed.

2. Straw feed processing The preparation of straw feed is mainly crude fiber, which is of low nutritional value and poor palatability. Only after processing and modulation can the palatability be improved and the utilization rate and nutritional value can be improved. The commonly used methods are amination and micro-storage. Ammoniated feed: As ammonia can destroy the firmness between the lignin and cellulose in the straw, the digestibility of the straw can be increased. At the same time, the nitrogen contained in ammonia can also increase the crude protein content of the feed. Ammoniated straw or other roughage can increase the nitrogen content by 0.8% to 1% and increase the crude protein content by 5% to 6%. Wheat straw, rice straw, and corn stalks treated with ammoniation can increase the digestibility by about 30%. The specific method of ammoniating straw is to stack straw, generally 100 kg of straw, into 12 kg of 20% ammonia, and the temperature of liquid ammonia is not lower than 20°C, layer-by-layer layer-by-layer spraying, and finally plastic film. seal. The stalks can also be sealed in a sealed or sealed plastic bag. Farmers can process a small amount of ammoniated feed and can use urea ammoniation, the proportion is 1 kg urea, 10 kg of water can be sprayed after mixing 25 kg of straw, straw and sprayed urea water should be fully mixed evenly, after mixing into a plastic bag, large In a cylinder or concrete tank, the key is to seal tightly without leaks.

The treated straw needs 15 days to 20 days in spring and autumn, 7 days to 10 days in summer, and the seal can be opened in 45 days to 50 days in winter. It should be left for 1 day to 2 days after opening to make excess ammonia evaporate away. Can be fed. The better-quality ammoniated feed was tan, with a scent. After the sheep has been acclimated for more than one week, the feed intake is generally 100 kg of body weight ranging from 3.3 kg to 8.8 kg. The ammoniated straw is used to cover the plastic cloth every time. Ammoniated feeds generally have no side effects, but they should be adequately ventilated and mixed well before feeding. In case of poisoning, each sheep can be treated with 0.5 to 1.5 liters of vinegar to detoxify. Http://

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