Continuous cropping of ginger affects yield and benefits frequently. Therefore, continuous cropping can solve this problem. In addition, it is one of the featured industries in Lishui City. It has a large planting scale and good economic benefits. Therefore, it will not only solve ginger in greenhouse and ginger and white rotation. The problem of production can also increase income. The cultivation points are now introduced as follows.

1 安排口 arrangement

In December, the base was ploughed and erected. In the middle of February, ginger was planted in the middle of February, and ginger was harvested from mid-May to early July. In mid-July, the planting was white, and the white was harvested from October to November.

2 variety selection

Ginger varieties can choose Shandong Laiwu ginger or local red claw ginger. Laiwu ginger has good early maturity, high early yield and beautiful ginger shape; red claw ginger and ginger are high in composition, which is more popular among local consumers, but the previous production is less than Laiwu ginger.

The selection of white cultivars depends on the harvest time of greenhouse ginger harvesting. The greenhouse ginger is harvested before mid-June, and single-season or double-season cultivars can be planted. If the greenhouse is harvested until July, the yield of single-season cultivars will be planted. Not high, suitable for planting double-season glutinous varieties.

3 greenhouse cultivation techniques

3.1 Site preparation

After the harvesting of the upper crops, the ploughing was carried out, and 1500 kg of farmyard manure and 15 kg of compound fertilizer were applied as base fertilizer per 667 m2, and the tillage was evenly ploughed by a rotary tiller.

Drilling ridges before planting, 10 planting ditch excavated in 8m wide shed, the groove distance is 70cm, the ditch width is 25cm, the ditch depth is 25cm, and the ditch soil is temporarily piled on the ridge to cover the ginger and the soil.

3.2 germination

Heating and germination began one month before sowing. The greenhouse can be transformed into a germination greenhouse for germination of ginger, and a layer of light-shielding film is added to the outside of the greenhouse. The white surface faces outward, and the black surface faces the shed. The greenhouse is erected with wooden slats to set a compartment of 20 cm from the ground. In the plastic box or bamboo raft, the code layer is stacked on the compartment. A 40m×8m greenhouse germination greenhouse can stack 60t of ginger, which is divided into 6 piles, and the stacking height is about 1.5m. The ginger pile is covered with cotton cloth to keep warm; The shed can be heated by a stove, and the generated flue gas is discharged through the tube to the outside of the shed. When the furnace is burned, attention is given to ventilation to prevent human poisoning.

The germination temperature is controlled at 25 to 30 °C. When heating and germination for about 25 days, when the ginger bud length is 1.5 to 2.0 cm, the temperature of the germination chamber is lowered to 20 ° C to be planted.

3.3 sowing

Seeding began in mid-February, and the germinated ginger was placed in the planting ditch. The ginger did not overlap. Each row of planting ditch discharged 2 rows of ginger, row spacing 20cm, 1500kg of ginger per 667m2, and soil after planting 7 ~ 8cm and spray water.

3.4 greenhouse management

A 30cm deep drainage ditch is drilled around the greenhouse. The greenhouse film is covered one week before planting to increase the ground temperature. After the planting, a layer of film is applied to the ground. The greenhouse is insulated before the emergence. After about 20 days, the ginger begins to emerge and is immediately removed. The film covered by the ground, anti-scald seedlings; as the temperature rises, pay attention to the film to ventilate, keep the shed temperature 25 ~ 30 ° C during the day, 18 ~ 20 ° C at night. When the temperature is stable above 20 °C, the sides of the greenhouse and the shed are kept ventilated throughout the day.

3.5 Field Management

1 weeding

Chemical weeding is done mainly in 2 links.

First, after sowing, spray 75mL of water with 30mL of acetamine EC 75mL per 667m2 for soil sealing treatment;

Second, after the second soil cultivation, when the seedling height is about 50cm, use 50% of 50% glyphosate water to hydrate water 50L per 667m2, spray it on the soil surface outside the ginger, try not to spray on the ginger plant. A small part of the weeds were manually removed.

2 fertilizer management

Ginger planting in greenhouses requires higher requirements for fertilizer and water, and sprinkler irrigation in greenhouses is convenient for fertilizer and water management. Two greenhouses were installed with two sprinkler belts at the top, and one nozzle with a height of 1.2 m from the ground was suspended every 3 m.

Ginger growth in greenhouses should maintain high soil moisture. The surface covered film should be uncovered for more than 10 days after ginger planting, and water sprayed once; ginger should be sprayed once every 2 to 5 days after emergence, depending on the weather; The ground evaporation is large, spraying water once every 2 to 3 days, and spraying the water once every 4 to 5 days in the rainy weather, so that the ground is kept moist, the water is not accumulated in the ditch, and the relative temperature of the soil is maintained at 75% to 80%. It is appropriate.

During the period from emergence to harvesting, the fertilizer is applied 3 to 4 times. The compound fertilizer and urea are mainly applied, and 30-40 kg/667 m2 is applied together. After each top dressing, water is sprayed, which is beneficial to the dissolution and absorption of the fertilizer.

3 soil

The soil can be fertilized in 2 times with the top dressing, and the soil on the ridge is cultivated to the base of the ginger seedling. When the ginger seedling height is 15-20 cm, the soil is cultivated for the first time, the soil height is 5-7 cm; when the seedling height is 50-60 cm, the soil is cultivated for the second time. After 2 times of soiling, the original ridge becomes a ditch 30 cm deep.

4 pest control

After the use of ginger-whitening rotation, the occurrence of pests and diseases was significantly reduced. Except for 2kg of phoxim to prevent underground pests per 667m2 during ploughing and land preparation, there is almost no need for pest control during growth. Individual plots can be used to control the occurrence of pests and diseases, and select appropriate agents for targeted control. The aphids can be controlled by chlorantraniliprole or a methicillin spray; the ginger mites can be controlled by killing (copper hydroxide), agricultural streptomycin, etc., and when the ginger mites are found in the field, they must be removed in time to bring them out of the field. destroy.

3.6 harvesting

Beginning in mid-May, tender ginger can be harvested one after another. Spray the water before the ginger to the topsoil, and pull the plants together with the roots. The ginger and ginger are separately packed.

4 white cultivation techniques

4.1 nursery

Single-season cultivars are planted with seedlings by means of splitting or tube cutting before March; double-season mites can be used to transplant seedlings with summer hoes, and the seedlings are 30cm×30cm.

In the nursery field, regular pest control, fertilizer and water management are carried out. By the middle and late June, each planting seedling can be divided into more than 5 plants, and each 667 m2 seedling field can be planted for about 1 hm2 in Daejeon.

4.2 Colonization

From mid-to-late June to July, the seedlings of the seedlings were white, and the planting density of the single season was higher. The row spacing was 80cm, the plant spacing was 25cm, and the 667m2 transplanting stalk was 3300. The double-season planting distance was 100cm, the plant spacing was 50cm, and the 667m2 planting was 1300. Strain. The temperature is high during planting. In order to reduce the evaporation of leaf water and increase the survival rate of colonization, the upper leaves should be cut off, and only 20-30 cm long sheaths are retained.

4.3 Fertilizer management

The white plant needs a large amount of fertilizer. Before the tillage, the organic fertilizer is applied to 1000-1500kg per 667m2, and 25kg of ammonium bicarbonate and superphosphate are applied.

After the seedlings return to green, 1 month before the pregnancy, the topdressing 2 times, each application of compound fertilizer 15~20kg per 667m2, most plants start to be pregnant, 30kg per 667m2 compound fertilizer as pregnant fat;

In July and August after planting, the high temperature is not conducive to plant growth. Wherever possible, the field should be filled with cold water, or maintain a deeper water layer, change water frequently, and reduce the near-surface temperature;

Deepening the water layer after pregnancy will help improve the quality of the white product.

4.4 pest control

After the rotation, the number of pests and diseases in the white field was low, and the pests and diseases were alleviated. After the planting was carried out until more than 20 days before the pregnancy, flax leaf spot, rust, stem borer and long green planthopper were the main control objects, and 2 pests and diseases were carried out. Control can be.

The first application can be controlled by spraying 80% mancozeb WP 1000 times solution with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt powder) 1000 times solution and 25% buprofezin WP 1500 times solution after 30 days of colonization;

The second time in the first month before pregnancy, 10% difenoconazole dispersible granule 2000 times solution plus 20% chlorantraniliprole suspension 3000 times solution, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000 times solution spray control Because triazole pesticides are easy to cause plant phytotoxicity, they should be used with caution when carrying out disease control, and only one time can be used for one growing season according to the specified use concentration.

Insecticide lamps and sexual attractants are currently using relatively mature physical control measures. One insecticidal lamp is installed every 2.00~3.33hm2, and one set of cockroach traps is installed at 667m2, for locusts and long greens.è™± has a good control effect.

4.5 harvesting

The single season sorghum planted before the end of June can be harvested in the middle and late September. The double season carp planted in July is generally harvested in mid-October, and can be harvested until late November according to the variety of maturity. After the harvest, the field water is drained and ready for tillage, and the ginger is planted.

Ginger and white in the greenhouse are rotated. The greenhouse ginger is harvested from mid-May to mid-July. The output per 667m2 is 2200kg. The average purchase price is 10 yuan/kg, with an average output value of 22,000 yuan per 667m2. The output per 667m2 is 1700kg. The average purchase price of the place of origin is 3.2 yuan/kg, with an average output value of 5,440 yuan per 667 m2; the total output value per 667 m2 is 27,440 yuan. Therefore, the technical and economic benefits of ginger and white rotation in greenhouses are considerable and can be widely promoted!

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