Scientists have successfully developed a 3D human joint model that is expected to treat a range of bone diseases January 04, 2017 Source: Bio Valley Researchers from the University of Oxford have recently developed a new type of interactive human 3D joint model that can help researchers clarify the causes of common human diseases and how they continue to change over time. The researchers created this new 3D computer model by collecting 128 CT scans of human, primate, dinosaur, and early human bones. The researchers scanned a total of 224 bone specimens from the Devonian era to the current 350 million years. Using 3D engineering and data methods, the team created a 3D model that clarifies the entire human lineage. Evolutionary changes in different morphological species during evolution, and they also studied morphological trends associated with common orthopaedic diseases, such as knee pain and shoulder pain. Interpretation of these trends may help researchers to 3D print the body's skeletal morphology as humans evolve. The researchers used samples from shoulders, hips and knees, which helped researchers Mathematical comparisons have been used to apply the tools used in orthopedic surgery. By comparing the differences between modern and ancient samples, the researchers hope to further analyze the causes of common orthopaedic diseases and find corresponding solutions. Researcher Paul Monk said that the overview of the body's adaptation to the changes in joint morphology can bring the latest challenges to orthopaedic surgeons. Today, the common diseases associated with pain and shoulder pain in the knee are increasing, which requires researchers to go deeper. Study the causes of the disease and develop new ways to treat the disease. The new models developed by researchers in this paper can help researchers identify the causes of many modern joint diseases and help researchers predict whether such problems will arise from lifestyle or genetic changes in the future. Current trends suggest that joint replacement seems to be infeasible in the future, which means that researchers need to reconsider looking for other ways to deal with these situations. Of course, researchers are eager to see future technological changes and innovations, and they hope to develop more new ways to treat many diseases related to humans in the future. Urinalysis test strips refer to test strips that test for bilirubin, urobilinogen, ketone bodies, ascorbic acid, glucose, protein (albumin), blood cells, PH, etc. in urine. Urine Reagent Strips,Urine Test Strip,Urine Sugar Strip Test,Visual Urine Analysis Strips Jilin Sinoscience Technology Co. LTD , https://www.jilinsinoscience.com
Detection principle
1. pH: The pH value in the range of 5-9 is measured by the pH indicator, and the pH value of the fresh urine of a normal person is between 5-7.
2. Nitrite: The reaction is based on the reduction of nitrate to nitrite by Gram-positive bacteria in the urine. The nitrite reacts with p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid to form diazonium compounds, which are then combined with N-(1-naphthalene) )-3 aminopropanesulfonate combined with a pink color.
3. Glucose: According to the reaction principle of glucose oxidase, glucose oxidase specifically oxidizes glucose to generate glucuronic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Under the action of hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen peroxide oxidizes the indicator and turns color. .
Classification
Urinalysis test strips are divided into visual series and machine series. The visual inspection series is divided into several models according to different inspection items; the machine inspection series is divided into several models according to different applicable instruments.
1. Classification by measurement method
1) Visual inspection series
When observing the result, compare the color with the standard color code within the time specified on the color code, judge and read the result.
2) Machine test series.
For instrument operation, refer to the instruction manual of the Urine Analyzer used.
2. According to the number of measurement items
There are single-item, 2-item, 4-item and multiple test strips. Currently, 10-item or 11-item multiple test strips are most commonly used in hospitals.
3. Classification by structure
Urinalysis test strips with single-layer membrane structure and multi-layer membrane structure.
Scientists have successfully developed a 3D human joint model that is expected to treat a range of bone diseases