The effect of intracranial diseases (such as brain tumors, Alzheimer's disease, etc.) is not ideal, and it has a great relationship with the lack of concentration of drugs from the blood circulation into the brain. The culprit that hinders drugs from entering the brain is the blood-brain barrier (BBB) ​​between circulating blood and brain tissue. It is very challenging to artificially break through this layer of physiological barrier. Scientists from the Sunnybrook Health Science Center in Canada have made breakthroughs in this field. They have used the "guided focused ultrasound" non-invasive technology to successfully open the blood-brain barrier of brain cancer patients, and are trying to promote Alzheimer's disease for the first time. (AD) patients. The blood-brain barrier is a physiological protective barrier in the brain that acts around the capillaries and acts as a “filter membrane†to prevent proteins and other potentially toxic substances from entering the brain. Because of its filtering effect, the blood-brain barrier affects the brain-inducing ability of almost all drugs for intracranial nerve diseases, making many drugs from the blood into the brain with low concentration, it is difficult to exert the desired effect. ▲ Focus on the principle of ultrasound to open the "blood-brain barrier" Guiding focused ultrasound technology may change this dilemma and rewrite medical practice. Its principle is somewhat similar to the fact that the solar beam's thermal energy is focused on a point on the paper, burning a hole that is replaced by an ultrasonic energy beam instead of the sun beam. The ultrasonic energy beam, guided by MRI in real time, can be accurately focused to a specific location in the human body without affecting nearby normal tissue. At the focus point, focusing ultrasound energy can cause various biological effects, such as: destroying the tissue at the focal point; activating the body's immune response; delivering the drug to a designated location. Sunnybrook researchers intravenously inject microbubbles into the tiny blood vessels that are smaller than red blood cells and reach the tiny blood vessels in the brain through the blood circulation. Then, under the guidance of MRI, Insightec's Exablate Neuro system was used. The low-frequency ultrasound (sound wave) accurately focused on the tiny blood vessels (BBB open part) of the target site. Under the action of focused ultrasound energy, the microbubbles in the tiny blood vessels alternated alternately. Extrusion and swelling occur, indirectly pulling the blood-brain barrier cells, causing the intercellular connections to relax, resulting in small openings. After the blood-brain barrier has been successfully opened, angiography can show that contrast shadows diffuse from the blood vessels to the surrounding brain tissue. ▲ Focused on the first clinical trial of ultrasound for AD patients, the first patient has been successfully enrolled at the Sunnybrook Center
Low content monomer plant extract, main content 1%-50%. Including but not limited to Pu-erh tea extract 40%, rhodiola rosea extract 1%, 3%, pueraria root extract 30%, 40%, celery extract 5%, salvia miltiorrhiza extract 5%, 10%, burdock seed extract, salicin 5%, aloe vera extract, gynost' pentaphyllum extract 20%, green tea extract, ginseng extract, chlorogenic acid extract.
Plant extraction process
1. Select plants/herbs. No more than ancient prescriptions, prescriptions, folk herbs to find. At present, common and uncommon herbs have been studied. At present, it is mostly to increase the amount of medicinal materials to extract and separate components with low content, or to find medicinal plants that have never been studied from miao medicine, Tibetan medicine, Mongolian medicine, Africa, Latin America and other places.
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2. The extraction. Solvent petroleum ether, n-hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, acetone, ethanol, methanol, water (low polarity → high polarity). Daily medicine decoction effective, water and ethanol and other solvents with large polarity, such as artemisinin boiling ineffective extraction with petroleum ether and other solvents with small polarity. Common medicinal materials water/alcohol/ether to go through, separation and identification of more compounds.
3. The separation. This is the most important work. In the solution extracted from the second step, there are dozens of compounds, usually by column chromatography, which is often referred to as the column flushing. It's a lot of work, it's boring, it's low tech. A master's student might do this every day for two years. The column for separating compounds, as shown below, is as large as 2 meters high and as small as 10 centimeters. Change the solvent condition of mobile phase, change the material of column, different conditions and different separation principles of column repeatedly punching, can be separated from the monomer compound.
Canadian scientists successfully open the blood-brain barrier of brain cancer patients