1, plot selection:

For the potato to obtain high quality and high yield, it is very important to choose the soil suitable for the growth of the potato. The land for planting potatoes should meet the following two basic conditions:

First, choose fertile soil, flat terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation, deep soil, and loose soil of slightly acidic sandy loam or loam.

The second is to select no plots of potato, tomato, pepper, eggplant and other solanaceous crops within three years in order to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. Former crops are best for legumes, crucifers, cereals, and other crops. For example, soybeans, rape, onions, and garlic are used as forage crops, which can also effectively prevent the damage caused by bacterial wilt.

Thirdly, the former plots were sprayed with plots of bean yellow, fluoxysulfan, metsulfuron, chlorsulfuron, ethametsulfuron, and atrazine. No potatoes could be grown within 1-3 years.

2, soil preparation and fertilization:

The application amount of fertilizer has a great relationship with the soil type and fertility. Generally, the medium fertility of the soil, the total amount of fertilization per acre is 35-50 tons of rotten earth fertilizer, and (15-15-15) 45% of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 100～ 150 kg, 100 kg bio-organic fertilizer. In potato cultivation in greenhouses, the required fertilizer is usually spread in two stages, once as a basal spread before arable land, and once as a sowing plant during sowing. Fertilizer is generally not topdressed during growth.

After the fertilizer is ready, deep plowing should be performed on the land before the winter starts. Before the cultivation, one-time application of the soil-fertilizer, ternary compound fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer should be applied to half of the amount of mu. Then deep plowing about 30 cm, so that the soil freezes, weathering, reduce the wintering pests.

Build sheds and sheds

In the early spring, potato cultivation in protected areas mostly adopts three-mode cultivation method. Generally, it is based on the width and width of sheds (6 ridges, 8 ridges and 10 ridges) as a shed. Greenhouses are made up of steel sheds, bamboo sheds, and multi-storied sheds. The sheds are best oriented from north to south.

Greenhouses should be completed 15-20 days before the planting of potatoes and shed film to facilitate soil defrosting and increase ground temperature.

Deduction film: The greenhouse film chooses 0.06-0.12 mm thick drop-free film. Usually three-piece film is used. The overlap between the top film and skirt film overlaps 20-30 cm. The top film is pressed on the outside of the skirt film. Membrane landing part should be sealed with mud pressure, between the two arch frame tension and tighten the fixed film, the greenhouse film should be covered when the choice of wind-free weather, so as not to wind, is not conducive to cover film or tear the film.

The second film is preferably a polyethylene film having a thickness of about 0.03 to 0.04 mm, and is about 40 cm away from the roof of the greenhouse. In this way, a "shed shed" of "warm shells" was formed. When the membrane is not in use, it can be fixed on one side of the arch with a plastic rope.

Seed Potato Selection and Processing

1, species selection:

In early spring, potatoes are generally selected as early-maturing varieties with early potato tuber, rapid tuber enlargement, short dormancy period, high yield, high quality, and disease resistance. For example, Dutch 7th, Dutch 15th, and Dutch 803 were planted with Zadaibai, Zhongshu 3, Zhongshu 5, and Eugene 885. The virus-free seed potatoes must be certified and resolutely put an end to the cultivation of commodity potatoes as seed potatoes.

In the early spring, the seed potato of potato has been kept in a dormant state because it has been stored for a long time and the temperature in the body is low, and the physiological function is inhibited. If the cellar is immediately germinated and sowed, the seedlings often grow slowly and are not neat, affecting the yield. Therefore, seed treatment should be carried out before sowing to break the dormancy so as to facilitate early emergence.

2, drying species

Seed processing methods are many, and drying seeds is a common method. Usually need to prepare 150 kg seed potato per acre, select sunny, the selected seed potatoes placed in the temperature of 12-15 °C under the sun, for awakening, prompting the potato to lift the dormancy period. Turning once a day during the drying season, the seed potatoes will see the light evenly. In the process of turning, mixed seed potato with abnormal potato shape and abnormal potato shape will be removed, such as rotten potato, diseased potato with soft black rot, malformed potato, old potato, Bud necrosis, frozen potato and so on. Shaizhong 2 to 3 days, you can according to the size of the potato block cut germination.

3, seed germination

Pre-emergence pre-sowing is an important measure for the potato market in the spring. It not only promotes the early emergence of potatoes, but also promotes the growth period of potato 7 to 10 days earlier, which is beneficial to avoid high temperature and the risk of aphids. It is a key technology for spring seed production. . The germination time is generally about 25 days before the appropriate sowing date for the local potato. The germination method includes cutting and germination and whole potato pregermination. The cutting and germination breaks the apical dominance of the seed potato (tuber), and the buds on the cuts after cutting have similar nutrient conditions, and the sprouting speed is fast and the size is relatively uniform. At the same time, cutting is also a process of eliminating diseased potatoes. Not only does it make young shoots root quickly, but also emerges early and is homogeneous, which is conducive to high yield. Therefore, it is widely used in production.

(1) Dicing: The time of cutting is appropriate for 1 to 2 days before germination. If it is too early, the cuttings lose water or cause bad seeds.

(2) Tool disinfection: The cutters used for cutting need to be prepared by one person and used in turn, and placed in a 75% alcohol or 0.5% potassium permanganate solution before cutting to disinfect.

(3) Method of slicing: Due to the low yield of potato's tail bud, it is only one-third of the apical bud or lateral bud. Therefore, high-yielding potato cultivation, when cutting, to remove the tail buds, generally less than 50 grams of seed potatoes can be whole potato sowing, only cut off the tail buds; 50 to 100 grams of seed potatoes, cut off the tail buds after all two vertical; 100 to 150 grams of seed potatoes, first cut off the tail one-third, and then split off from the top bud, so cut into three; more than 150 grams of seed potatoes, depending on the number of shoots from the tail, according to the bud eye along the vertical Obliquely dip seed potatoes to form small pieces of body triangles. The incision is close to the bud, so that it can stimulate early germination, which will facilitate early emergence.

When cutting with a knife, the other knife is immersed in a disinfectant solution and the knife is changed every time one seed is cut. When cutting to disease or rotten potatoes, it is necessary to stop immediately, immerse the knife in a disinfectant for disinfecting for a second time, and then use another knife to cut it again to prevent transmission of diseases during the cutting process.

Dicing size should be uniform, generally 25 to 30 grams each, and each block at least retains a healthy bud.

Chopped pieces are spread out in the leeward sunny place, and dry the incised clear water to promote wound healing. In order to prevent potato chips from infecting pathogens and prevent diseases at the seedling stage and the invading of underground pests, it is better to apply seed dressing.

(4) Seed dressing

70% Antaisen (propylen zinc) WP 100g mixed with 60% Gao Qiao (imidacloprid) suspended seed coating agent 20ml added to 1-1.5kg water shaken and sprayed onto 100kg seed potatoes. This formula can not only prevent the harm of seedling stage aphids, underground pest insects, and golden needle insects, but also can make the potato sprouts early, strong and high yield.

(5) Germination: The mixed seeds are put into a basket and placed in a room with an ambient humidity of 85% and a temperature of 18-22°C. It is best to use a damp cloth to cover the germination. When the buds grow to about 1 to 2 cm, they are placed under the diffuse light to be air-dried so that they can see the light evenly, and when the buds turn into strong green buds, they can be ready for sowing.

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