Not long ago, serious flooding occurred in the cotton region of the Yangtze River Valley in China. At this time, cotton was in a budding and blooming period, which often caused great losses in cotton production, resulting in the loss of soil fat, crops, crops, lodging, etc., if not timely. Strengthening management will seriously affect cotton production and quality. So, how should we remedy this after the disaster? To this end, the special invited Yu Hongzhang, senior agronomist of the Bureau of Agriculture of Xiaogan City, Hubei Province, came to support the project and is only for the reference of farmers.

Delayed application of peach fertilizer

In normal climate, the average number of cotton plants on the 5th to 10th of August should be 10 or more, and the number can reach 20 or so, because from the late July to the beginning of August, it is cotton in the cotton fields in the south of the country. During the peak period, 0.5 to 1 peaches can be planted per plant per day. According to our survey of cotton fields in the southern cotton region from August 5th to August 6th, the average number of peaches per plant is less than 10. This is because, before July 20 of this year, the duration of rainy days is long and the amount of rainfall is large. The rate of absent bolls of cotton is as high as 30%, followed by hot and dry weather at temperatures above 35°C in late July for more than 10 days, of which more than 40°C. There are 2 to 3 days, so there are not many peaches and early fruits. In order to recoup the losses caused by the disaster, it is necessary to delay the time for applying the peach fertilizer in the production of cotton fields so that it will have more knots of late peaches and autumn peaches.

Cotton is a plastic with strong plasticity, and vegetative growth and reproductive growth can go hand in hand; The reasons are as follows: First, the ratio of three peaches (Fushimi, Futao, Qiutao) in cotton can be flexibly adjusted according to different weather and cultivation methods. The proportion of autumn peaches; Second, the effective fruiting period of cotton is still about one month. The flowers that were opened before September 10 are completely effective, and the peach rate is also very high. Generally, the peach rate is 20 percentage points higher than the previous period. The third is that the time for applying the peach fertilizer can be appropriately delayed, the time for applying the root fertilizer can be extended to about August 20, the top dressing outside the root is effective until September, and the fourth is the investment for applying the peach fertilizer, and the entire fertilizer is applied to the cotton. The ratio is small, but it is very obvious for improving the yield.

What fertilizer should be used for peach fertilizer? From the point of view of the effective content and release rate of fertilizers, the use of urea is preferred, with a dosage of 15 to 20 kg per mu. Peach fertilizer advocates the application of furrows or acupuncture, and should not be applied by Mantian. Late autumn rainy season tends to appear autumn drought, to pay attention to the drought, divert irrigation ditch irrigation, water transfer, water transfer fertilizer, and fully improve fertilizer utilization. In mid-September, the appearance of cotton appears premature, and it can be sprayed with 1% urea solution 1-2 times, or with 1% of superphosphate. It can also spray 0.2% ~ 0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.

From the field survey, we also noticed some symptoms of boron deficiency in long-term cotton: First, a light brown band appeared on the petiole; second, the upper fruit branch rose; third, the leaf was thinned and the leaf color was thin; Exfoliation increased, and some flowering pollination was poor. This type of cotton shows that the basal fertilizer is insufficient for the application of boron fertilizer and it needs to be sprayed with boron fertilizer in time. Generally, it is better to use 0.1% to 0.2% of solo boron, and the latter can be sprayed 2 or 3 times. Zinc-deficient cotton should be sprayed with 0.2% to 0.3% of zinc sulfate solution 2 or 3 times.

Fertilization and Chemical Control

The rains in the south of July before the end of July were rare in the past 65 years, and most of the cotton had suffered floods of varying degrees. Recently, I received several calls from farmers' friends. After the floods, most cotton plants are stunted, and some cotton plants are prosperous. Can we use chemical controls? The answer is yes.

The chemical control technology of cotton is in accordance with people's pursuit of high-yield cotton targets. In different stages of fertility, the means of chemical control are used to coordinate the orderly operation and rational distribution of nutrients in cotton plants, regulate and grow long-term outlook, and shape the ideal high-yield plant type. . This new technology has been accepted by the majority of farmers in the cotton area through many years of promotion and application. The unique role of chemical regulation in cotton production is irreplaceable by any other technology.

However, in the cotton production process, due to the breadth and depth of the popularity of this technology, there are often some mistakes in the operation of chemical regulation. First, some farm households do not grasp the timing of pesticide application. Spraying; Second, the application of improper concentration, not too little is the preparation of the concentration is too large; Third, the conversion dose of liquid crystal formulations is not accurate enough, random large; Fourth, the concept of plant growth regulators and liquid fertilizers confused, Mistake the regulator as fertilizer, no longer top-dressing. With the high temperature and drought conditions encountered immediately after the floods this year, there are many elderly laborers left in the countryside. It is particularly important to scientifically apply plant growth regulators.

In order to better exert the effects of plant growth regulators on cotton production, chemical regulation and control techniques must be applied correctly.

One must clarify the type of chemical regulator. There are many varieties of chemical regulators that can be used in agricultural production, but most of them are used for the promotion of plant growth regulators such as "802", and the use of slow-growing plant growth regulators such as diaminotoluene, regulation. Amines, mesitylene and so on. The former can accelerate the growth process of cotton, which can control the growth rate of cotton, promote steady growth, multi-fruit peach and knot peach. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the choice of different types of regulators based on the long-term growth of cotton.

Second, timely application of chemical regulators. For floods and cotton that have stagnated seedlings and roots that have developed after drought, the “802” must be sprayed in time or the roots should be irrigated after release. For cotton with more pre-fertilization and more vigorous growth, from the time of Shenglei to the topping period, it is necessary to promptly spray the salicylamine, adjust the amines, and enhance the strength of the muscles, so as to prevent madness and capping.

Third, we must correctly formulate the application dose. Application of "802" foliar spray, the concentration of 1:3000 to 4000 times, spraying 2 or 3 times. Irrigation roots use one “802” per acre and dilute 500-600 kg of water along the cotton roots. Bao Zhu is mainly used for spraying, 10 ml per mu and 30 kg of water. The use of dilute amines, regulating amines, and booster hormones should be performed in the light, heavy, and small quantities. At the beginning of the flowering period, 4 g of regulative amine or 2 g of diaminosamine or 8 ml of auxiliaries were used per acre, and 25-30 ml of water was sprayed. In the middle and late stages of cotton growth, appropriate doses will be added according to the growing trend. Diclocamine is a crystalline substance with an effective content of 98%. It is a liquid with a booster content of 25%. The conversion ratio is 1:4 and cannot be increased or decreased blindly.

Fourth, after spraying plant growth regulators, the photosynthetic efficiency of cotton leaves was improved, and the leaf color turned to dark green quickly, and the activity was enhanced. However, the conditioner is not a liquid fertilizer and cannot be used as a substitute for topdressing. It should be top-dressed according to its normal fertilizer requirements to prevent premature aging. For example, to enter the full flowering period of cotton, it is necessary to chase flowers and boll fertilizers, and apply 30 kg of ternary compound fertilizer with high content per acre. If potassium deficiency is severe, about 15 kg of potassium fertilizer should be applied. Boron-poison should be sprayed with Sulphur 2 times. Into the peak period of the bell, it is necessary to apply enough peach fertilizer, applying 15-20 kg of urea per acre.

Pay attention to supplementing fertilizer to promote transformation

Recently, agricultural technicians surveyed in many cities in Xiaogan, Hubei Province, found that some cotton appeared signs of premature aging. According to on-site investigations and exchanges with some rural households, first, some farmer's cotton is not applied to the base (basal) fertilizer, and the remaining nutrients in the soil are limited; second, it takes a long period of rainy time this year, the loss of nutrients in the soil is more; Third, the fertilizer is not timely enough The supply of nutrients was in short supply; Fourth, the soil was compacted and the soil was not cultivated in time, and the root development of cotton was inhibited. Can this type of prematurely decayed cotton restore normal growth through transformation and can it still capture high yields? The answer is yes for the following reasons.

First, cotton has an infinite growth habit. When the ecological environment of temperature, light, water, and raising can meet the growth and development needs of cotton, the prematurely decaying cotton can be quickly transformed after the fertilizer and water are satisfied, and new fruit branches and young buds will be grown and the flowering result will continue. The growth period of cotton is longer, and the effective bud period is about 40 days. The effective flowering period is still more than two months. The compensation ability of cotton is very strong, and management can recapture the loss of early underdevelopment. Production practices have repeatedly proved that weak seedlings can be transformed into high-yielding cotton because the plasticity of cotton during development is very strong.

Second, to accelerate the transformation of cotton seedlings. In order to transform prematurely-decreased cotton seedlings early, management in the field should be promoted to promote the control and integration, as soon as possible take the cotton production shelf. One can press rows of bio-organic fertilizer 75 kilograms per acre, with application of ammonium bicarbonate 50 kilograms, potash fertilizer 15 kilograms for flower and bell fertilizer application, both to promote fast and long steady; two can be in a single plant with 2 to 3 When peaches, the high content of ternary compound fertilizer 20 to 25 kg per acre, and the application of potash fertilizer 5 to 10 kg for peach fertilizer, can meet the needs of cotton on the concentrated peach; three available plant growth promoter "802" 4000 times Spraying liquid or 0.01% solution of alfalfa can effectively accelerate the growth of cotton.

Third, we must pay close attention to comprehensive supporting management. First, deep cultivating, deep fertilizing and high soil cultivation should be adopted to increase the utilization rate of fertilizers. Second, it is necessary to deepen the ditch so that cotton fields can be drained and filtrated as soon as possible to reduce the loss of fertilizers. Third, it is necessary to pay attention to cotton after putting up high-yield shelves. Delayed plant growth regulators are used for chemical regulation to prevent prolonged growth. Fourth, three generations of cotton bollworm and blind stink bugs are to be prevented.

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