Tesla and SpaceX founder Elon Musk is a true futurist. Recently he set up a medical company, Neurallink, to "download" information from the human brain to the machine. It is the "brain-machine interface" that we often say. The research on connecting the brain to the machine or controlling the machine with the mind is not a particularly new topic, but for ordinary people, it is still very science fiction. Today, the author collects Several representative "brain-machine interface" research companies or institutions let everyone know about the current "idea" research and market applications. origin In 1963, Dr. Grey Walter of the Burden Neurological Institute in the United Kingdom, in the treatment of patients with epilepsy, placed electrodes in the brain near the cerebral cortex during surgery, so that the patient's nerve activity could be obtained. This was just a common operation at the time. Treatment, usually these electrodes will be removed after the patient has been hospitalized for a week or two. But at that time, Dr. Walter had a whimsy. When the patients enjoyed the scenery slide, they secretly connected the EEG electrodes to the "potential converter" they invented, and converted the signal of the patient's brain motor cortex into a slide projector. The control signal, then a "miracle": every time the patient intends to change the film, but the button has not been pressed, the slide projector automatically changes the film, as if guessing the patient's thoughts. This is the first complete implementation of brain-computer interface technology: collecting brain neural signals, and controlling external devices after translation and conversion. Since then, this brainwave control scene that only appeared in science fiction movies/fiction has officially entered the field of research of researchers, and EEG research has begun. Today, brain-computer research has been going on for decades. Until the 21st century, technology has developed rapidly. Research on brain-computers has become more and more in-depth, and a series of professional research institutions and startup companies have emerged. Some companies have come up with molded products. At present, brain-computer research can be roughly divided into two types: extra-brain and implant. Extra-brain Emotiv When it comes to brain-wave control products, you have to mention the Silicon Valley star Emotiv in the previous two years. In 2007, Emotiv released its first brainwave product, the Emotiv EPOC, which looks like a simplified scientific medical grade standard brainwave detection device that allows people to begin to understand the concept of “neuroheadsetâ€. Emotiv EPOC can convert the detected EEG into a digital signal, enabling people to use the "ideas" to control the aircraft, control the computer in front of the computer to control the effects of video game action, etc., which was the most popular at the time of many maker activities. One of the products. However, as a product positioned in the research and education market, EPOC has always been a good appetite, and has not really promoted the popularity of "brain-computer interface" devices.
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Musk and these companies want to connect their brains and machines.