Microbial fermentation feed is under artificially controlled conditions, the use of microbial activity to ferment the material into a more easily used or non-toxic harmless feed. There are many kinds of fermented feeds, and according to different standards, fermented feeds can be divided into several types. According to the moisture content of fermented feed, it can be divided into liquid fermentation feed and solid fermentation feed; according to the nutritive characteristics of fermented feed, it can be divided into full-price biological feed and non-full-price biological feed. In this article, the liquid fermentation feed and the solid fermentation feed are taken as examples to briefly introduce the types and characteristics of fermented feeds. Liquid fermentation generally adopts naturally occurring lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, or fermented feeds added to fermentation materials in feedstuffs, and is used in foreign countries. In China, solid fermentation feed technology is commonly used in the country, that is, Jinbao series of microbial fermentation agents or strains are added. The process of fermentation under water or close to water.

1 liquid fermentation feed

In the late 1980s, the wet mix used in the Netherlands was the earliest liquid fermented feed. Today, about 50% of the feed in the Netherlands is fermented liquid feed. In Denmark, more than 30% of sows and over 70% of lactating sows use fermented liquid feed. In addition, France, Sweden, and Spain have also joined the ranks of users. Liquid fermented feeds are more common in foreign countries. They are produced by fermentation or natural fermentation using beneficial microorganisms (fermentation accelerants). Lactic acid bacteria play a dominant role in the fermented liquid microbial biomass. Winsen's proposed liquid fermentation feeds have been widely accepted by researchers: pH 9 log10 CFU/mL, lactic acid > 150 mmol/L, acetate content

Liquid fermentation feeds are mainly used in the pig industry, especially weaned piglets. Liquid fermented feeds have the following advantages: 1) Improve intestinal health and physiological function. Feeding solid foods after weaning piglets will cause the intestinal villi to wear, and the surface of the intestinal villi will change from high-density finger-like to smooth-tongue and the crypts will deepen. This change will continue 7d-14d, seriously affecting the intestinal secretion and absorption of piglets. The liquid fermented feed can effectively maintain the villus height of the small intestine, and can enhance the activity of digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract and inhibit the growth and reproduction of intestinal pathogenic bacteria. 2) Promote food intake and improve growth performance Fermentation liquid feed produces a large amount of lactic acid and volatile acid during the fermentation process. It has good palatability, even mixing, balanced nutrition and avoids picky eaters of piglets, so it can increase feed intake of piglets. Improve piglet growth performance. Liquid fermentation has the advantages of short fermentation time, high efficiency, suitability for industrial production and easy control of conditions, but has the disadvantages of large investment and high production cost.

2 Solid fermentation feed

Solid fermentation refers to the use of natural substrates as carbon sources and energy sources, or the use of inert substrates as solid supports. The system is anhydrous or nearly anhydrous, any fermentation process. The growth of microorganisms and the products formed are all on the surface of the substrate. . General solid fermentation process should be added to feed fermentation agents, such as Kinpo feed starter, to promote fermentation. Solid fermentation has the advantages of high yield, simple operation, low investment, low energy consumption and high recovery. After fermentation, the feed has high nutrient content, good palatability, or toxic substances are degraded. Including full-price fermentation feeds, fermentation concentrates, fermented soybean meal, yeast cultures, fermentation industrial wastes, and silage storage.

In addition to the increase in nutritive value and palatability, the solid fermented feed can also extend the storage time of the material well, and is more convenient to transport than the liquid fermented feed. Solid-state fermentation has the advantages of extensive process, simple technology, low investment, high yield, and less polluting environment, but there are also problems such as labor intensity, susceptibility to contamination, process control and process parameters that are difficult to achieve accurate measurement and automation.

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