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1, symptomatic use of fertilizer
The composition of the spray solution depends on the purpose of the spray application. For example, to increase early grain growth or increase grain weight at the later stage, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer can be sprayed; nitrogen fertilizer and potash fertilizer can be used to increase the leaf area and promote the growth of vegetative organs; micro-fertilizer can be sprayed to prevent physiological diseases caused by lack of trace elements.
2. Select fertilizer type suitable for foliar spraying
Fertilizers with good foliar spray efficiency include urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, and ammonium sulfate, as well as leaching solution of superphosphate and plant ash, ammonium metaphosphate, and most trace element fertilizers. Some highly volatile fertilizers such as ammonia, ammonium bicarbonate, and fertilizers containing chloride ions such as ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, etc., should not be used for rootless fertilization because some of them cause large losses of fertilizer, while others affect crops. Has an adverse effect.
3, adjust the pH of the spray solution
Adjusting the pH of the spray solution can increase the effect of spraying. The adjustment is generally based on the composition and purpose of the spray solution. If the purpose of spraying is to provide crops with cation nutrients (such as: NH4+, K+, Mg2+, etc.), the solution should be slightly alkaline. Under slightly alkaline conditions, these cations are easily absorbed by plant leaves; otherwise, such as spraying. The purpose is to provide anion nutrients (such as NO3-, H2PO4-, etc.), and the solution should be slightly acidic, which is good for plants to absorb anions. In addition, different kinds of foliar fertilizers, foliar fertilizers and pesticides must be blended together. Attention must be paid to the acid-base properties between them so as to avoid adverse chemical reactions due to improper collocation, resulting in coagulation, sedimentation, and flocculation. Even harm the crop.
4, master the appropriate amount and concentration of fertilizer solution
In a certain concentration range, the speed and amount of nutrient entering the leaves increase with the increase of the solution concentration, but the concentration is too high and it is easy to cause fertilizer damage. Especially for trace element fertilizers, the critical range between crop nutrient deficiency and excess is very narrow. , It should be strictly controlled; there are foliar fertilizers containing growth regulators, should also be sprayed strictly in accordance with the requirements of concentration, to prevent improper regulation and harm. Appropriate concentration of foliar spray fertilizer is generally : 1-2% of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3-0.5%, 3-5% of superphosphate leaching solution, 0.01-0.1% of ammonium molybdate, 2-3% of ammonium metaphosphate , 0.1-0.2% of zinc sulfate, 0.2-0.3% of borax (or boric acid), 0.05-0.1% of manganese sulfate, 0.05-0.3% of ferrous sulfate, and 0.01-0.02% of copper sulfate. The amount of fertilizer used per acre is 50-60 kg. The dicotyledon crops such as cotton, rapeseed, beans, and vegetables have large leaf area and a thin cuticle. The nutrients in the solution are easily absorbed. Therefore, the fertilizer is applied to such crops. The concentration should be appropriately lower; rice, wheat, corn and other monocotyledonous crops have a relatively small leaf area, and the degree of silicification of the leaves is high, and the nutrient content is difficult to be quickly absorbed by the leaves. Therefore, fertilizer fertilizer concentration must be appropriately increased during spraying.
5, to extend the moistening time of the spray solution on the leaves
The amount of nutrients absorbed by leaves during fertilization is related to the length of time the solution wets the leaves. The longer the time of moistening, the more nutrients the leaves absorb and the better the effect. Under normal circumstances, keep the wet time of the leaf in 30-60 minutes to get better fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, fertilization is best performed in the windless weather in the evening; windy cloudy days can be sprayed all day, but the best results are in the evening. Spraying fertilizer on dewy morning will reduce the concentration of solution and affect the effect of fertilization. Before the rain or the rain can not be foliar dressing, because the nutrients easily lost, do not achieve their intended effect, if the rain after 3 hours after spraying, when the spray to be a sunny day, but the concentration should be reduced properly. A small amount of wetting agent may also be added to the spray solution to reduce the surface tension of the solution and increase the spread of the solution on the blade. Hydrating agents can be neutral soaps or surfactants with a concentration of 0.1-0.2%.
6, determine a reasonable fertilizer frequency
According to relevant reports, nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are highly mobile in crops. Therefore, during the critical period of crop growth, they can be sprayed once. Phosphate fertilizers are less mobile than nitrogen and potassium fertilizers and must be sprayed according to the growth status of the crops. 1 or 2 times; zinc, molybdenum, manganese, and copper fertilizers that move only partially in crops, and micro-fertilizers that do not move, such as boron and calcium, should generally be sprayed 2-3 times in succession.
7, choose the best spray fertilizer site
The green stems and leaves of crops are a reasonable part of fertilizer spray, especially the young green leaves that grow young, grow vigorously, and have the best fertilizer effect. It is worth noting that in the epidermis tissue of the frontal leaves of dicotyledonous crops, there is a closely-arranged palisade tissue. The cell gap is small, and the nutrients in the fertilizer solution are difficult to penetrate; however, the back of the leaves is different, and the epidermis is completely The arrangement of loose sponge tissue, the larger the cell gap, the nutrients in the fertilizer solution easier to enter and was quickly absorbed. Therefore, when the fertilizer is applied to the dicotyledonous crops, it is required to uniformly spray on both the front and the back of the blade, and the monocotyledonous crop can be sprayed on the front of the blade only from the top down.
How to improve the effect of foliar fertilizer
The foliar spraying of crops has the advantages of less fertilizer, high utilization efficiency, quick effect, etc. It is an effective method of supplementing nutrition and preventing deficiency diseases of crops. It is used to solve the post-cropping defertilization, increase grain weight and promote crops to suffer natural disasters. The rapid recovery of growth plays an important role. However, the effect of foliar fertilization is often constrained and influenced by many factors. In order to increase the effect of foliar fertilization on crops, the following points must be observed when spraying: