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The timing of the commercialization of GM rice is still not ripe. It originated from a proposal drafted and reported by 16 academicians and other experts, entitled "Recommendations for the Development of Research and Industrialization of Genetically Modified Crops in China." The proposal states that GM rice has completed various safety evaluation procedures and experimental links required for commercial production. No security risks have been found, and conditions for regional commercial production have been met. Commercial production should be quickly approved. However, at the end of last year, at the assessment meeting of the Safety Committee, this proposal was not passed.
This year, the safety committee once again held an assessment meeting. Four transgenic rice varieties (including three insect-resistant varieties and one anti-blight blight disease variety) passed through one by one and none of them passed. The committee said that "this year's timing is still immature." Dong Dong, deputy director of the Office of Genetically Modified Organism Management of the Ministry of Agriculture, said: "The commercialization of genetically modified rice is not a simple matter. There are still many procedures to go."
What is genetically modified? In layman's terms, it is to transfer the fish's genes to the tomatoes to make the tomatoes easier to store and to transfer the genes of the microorganisms to the cotton, so that the cotton can be resistant to insects. When the "magic" of genetic modification makes people full of imagination and confusion, genetically modified foods have actually penetrated into our lives. Lu Baorong, a member of the Fudan University and a committee member of the Fudan University, told reporters that at present, China's GM crops that allow commercial cultivation include cotton, tomatoes, green peppers, and petunia flowers, of which cotton is the largest, accounting for more than 60% of the country's cotton, and the latter three. The proportion of crops is less than 2%. In addition, China also imports about 15 million tons of soybeans from the Americas every year, most of which are genetically modified soybeans.
Since cotton and tomatoes have been genetically modified, why do 74 experts have no consensus on rice? According to experts from the Ministry of Agriculture, this is because the strategic position of rice is very special—it is the staple food for most Chinese people; more than half of Chinese farmers are engaged in rice production; one-third of China’s food cropland is rice. At the same time, there is no precedent for large-scale commercial production of GM rice in the world. In the United States, only small-scale commercial cultivation of medicinal-type transgenic rice has been carried out, and Iran's transgenic insect-resistant rice (edible) has grown only 1,000 hectares. One expert said: "It is not worth taking our staple food to take risks."
Optimists and cautious factions in this strategic vote with food, 74 scientists are divided into optimists and cautious factions, each holding ---
Optimists are optimistic because genetically modified crops are a tempting and multi-faceted appearance—farmers reduce their input and increase production; companies make profits; consumers get goods at low prices. Some scientists even said, “After one year of GM rice being promoted, we would have to give up an annual income of 20 billion yuan.†Optimists think that GM foods also make a great contribution to the ecological environment. Since 1996, the use of genetically modified crops in North America has reduced the use of agrochemicals by 4.5 million liters.
The reason why cautious people are cautious lies in the biosafety of GM rice. Some foreign scientists have raised a series of questions: Will genetic transformation bring food and human health and safety problems? Can transgenes cause toxic or allergenic substances in gene products? Whether the cultivation of genetically modified rice will bring about headaches such as flooding weeds and genetic resources of wild rice suffer from negative effects such as genetic pollution. A scientist believes that genetically modified organisms have brought about environmental problems. Transgenic organisms will reduce biological species and lose diversity. Many pests adapted to genetically modified products will become invincible pests, seriously threatening food security.
Interestingly, the arguments of the optimists and the cautious faction are the same, that is, the fact that the GM rice has not yet been found to be safe has been found to be safe by one side by default, while the other side is worried that it will be harmed in the future. Jia Shirong, a researcher at the Institute of Biotechnology of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, belongs to the optimist. The genetically engineered rice variety studied by the genetic engineer is also one of the varieties declared this year. "There are risks in GM crops, not equal to dangers," he said. This risk will only be eliminated in future trials. There is no chance to eliminate it without trial.
GM management is important The experts also expressed another concern. Xue Dayuan, the main scientist involved in the drafting and negotiation of the "Biosafety Protocol" in China, said that he has repeatedly inspected the cotton fields in the relevant regions in China and found that the management of genetically modified cotton varieties there is very confusing. "Farmers do not know the risks of genetically modified crops and are likely to seed Dispersion, it will pollute the biological environment, is a great hidden danger."
The recent incident of pneumococcal pneumonia in Australia was a wake-up call. A research project on genetically modified peas from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation in Australia was called off because of the pneumonia in mice fed peas. The genes originally used to fight weevils in peas produced serious health problems in mice. influences.
According to the reporter’s understanding, according to China's Regulations on the Administration of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms Safety Assessment, if a GM rice is to enter commercial production, it must go through a series of steps from the technical level: intermediate experimentation, environmental release, and production. Sex experiments, biosafety certificates, and commercial production are generally 6 to 8 years old. One step at a time is not to be sloppy.
Xue Dayuan said in an interview with reporters: “There is no objection to the commercial planting of genetically modified rice, but the premise is to have strict risk assessment and effective safety management.†Many experts believe that if it is impossible to establish a strict management system, there will be commercial Value is not worth trying.
GM rice on the table?
Will China become the first country in the world to grow GM rice on a large scale? From the 23rd to the 25th of this month, the Biosafety Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture (hereinafter referred to as the “Safety Committeeâ€) held a meeting in Beijing. 74 biotechnology, biosafety, food safety, and environmental protection experts conducted safety assessments on four types of genetically modified rice, but The meeting did not reach an agreement. The safety committee is very cautious because of the issue of staple foods that affect China's 1.3 billion people. Suspense of the GM rice on the table matters, once again stranded.