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Second, the soil choice: Choose fertile soil, water conservation and fertility loam or clay loam cultivation. Fields are required to be level and two irrigations will be conducted. The previous work cannot be a kind of embarrassment. Former crops, whether rice or vegetables are required to plow winter sun. To promote the improvement of soil fertility. The paddy field for planting leeches cannot be a cold pit.
Third, preparation for land preparation: Daejeon usually requires deep cultivation 2-3 times, about 20 cm deep. The first time after cultivating the basal fertilizer, apply 100 kg of ammonium per acre, 100 kg of phosphate fertilizer (after decomposed application) + 100 kg of phosphate fertilizer + 30 kg of compound fertilizer, and maintain a layer of shallow water after planting again.
Fourth, sowing nursery: In order to seek high yield, generally use pre-germination or nursery, transplanting Daejeon. In general, thin-film soaking nursery seedlings will be used in January and Daejeon will be transplanted in the middle and late February. Nursery generally choose sheltered sunny, well-drained land. Seedlings from east to west, about 1 meter in width, will be leveled with a subsoil shovel. The topsoil or fine sand will be about 10cm thick. The rows and rows of rows of seedlings are 5-7 cm in length, the top buds are upward, and the soil is inserted straight into the soil. The depth is suitable for all species buried in the soil. Water immediately, take a small shed, covered with film insulation. Keep the bed temperature at 13-25°C, clear the membrane during the day, and cover it at night. About 15 days after sowing, the buds can be planted after the bud has sprouted.
5. Daejeon Planting: Before and after the Spring Festival (appropriate in the middle or late of February), the seedlings can be transplanted into the field and planted in a working area of ​​60 cm and 60 cm in size, leaving 1 meter for every 5 rows for future field management and planting per acre. About 1500 strains. The depth of planting was inserted into the soil with the lyosphere and the seedlings were exposed to the surface. Keep 2-3 cm of shallow water after planting.
Sixth, field management
1. Principle of scientific water use: Planting leeches maintain the water layer throughout the growth period. In the early stage of leeches, keep 2-5 cm shallow water in the field to promote hair rooting. Later, as the plants grow, the water level can be properly deepened to 5-8 cm, not too deep to maintain good ventilation. During the summer of July and August, the temperature often reaches above 30°C. In order to reduce the soil temperature, the water level can be deepened to 13-17 cm. In the morning and evening, cold water can be poured in and water can be changed in due course. After the autumn cool, the water level should gradually drop. Generally, after the maturation of the mother beetles in November and December, the fields will be drained to keep the soil moist, but they cannot be sun-dried. Otherwise, once the water returns, the balls will rot.
2, top dressing on the basis of the application of base fertilizer, still have to be top-dressing. Usually about 10 days after transplanting seedlings in paddy fields, 10-15 pounds of urea are spread per acre to promote seedling growth, and then to top up urea twice in May, the number of plants can grow to 20-30 pounds after growing up. mu. After the seedlings live to October, 2 compound fertilizers are applied monthly. Each time the compound fertilizer is applied 20 kg/mu in the early stage, the plant growth can increase to 40 kg/mu each time. In November, the mother swelled. Stop fertilizer after shaping, so as to avoid greediness of the plants and affect the accumulation of starch.
3, picking the old leaves and in addition to sprouting pods in the breeding period, late removal of the old yellow leaves of the plant, save the green leaves, in order to improve ventilation and light conditions in the field. For the newly formed tiller seedlings from the buds of daughters born on the mother-in-law, the leaf clusters must be broken or removed in time, and then buried under pressure so as not to affect the ventilation, light transmission and nutrient consumption, and to make the seedlings long and thin.
VII. Pest Control:
1. Soft rot Soft rot is a bacterial disease. Contaminated by soil or water and fertilizers, it is often attacked in high temperature seasons, causing bulbs to become soft and rot, as well as the death of the whole plant, resulting in serious reduction in yield. Prevention methods; Implement rotation for more than 3 years: Disinfect seed pods; Do not apply uncontaminated organic fertilizers; Do not pour in various unclean sewage; Spray the enemy 1000 times liquid for prevention and control at the beginning of disease, every 3 - Once in 4 days, 3 times in a row.
2, plague disease plague is a fungal disease. The pathogenic bacteria overwinter in the tissues of the diseased plants or in the soil, producing spores through wind and rain and air flow. When severe, it causes dead leaves and bulb decay. Mostly occur in hot and humid weather and spread, causing greater harm to leeches. Control methods: the rotation of more than 3 years is adopted; the seedlings of the disease-free plots are used as seed; the old leaves and sprouts are removed in time; 70% of mancozeb or 75% of chlorothalonil wettable powder and water are added in the early stage of disease. 600-700 times spray control, alternating use, once a week.
3, Spodoptera litura is susceptible to outbreaks in the high season in the second quarter of the season, resulting in severe reduction in yields and even loss of productivity. Control methods: remove the weeds from Tanabe and Tanaka; use 2,000-fold solution of 2.5% deltamethrin or permethrin before the larvae hatching period and the third-instar period, mix 80% of dichlorvos 1000 times, spray control . After the third instar larvae must be captured manually.
4 The high temperature and dry weather of C. cinnabarinus is prone to happen. In severe cases, the leaves are dry and fall off, resulting in reduced production and lower product quality. Control methods: remove the weeds around the weeds and the fields; use the 20% amitraz emulsifiable concentrate to add water 1000 times, or 20% tetracycline to add water 1000 times to control the spray.
8. Harvesting and Seed Conservation: The harvesting period varies according to the planting time, species, and market demand. Generally, in November and December, Putian drained the water layer and kept the soil moist until the bulbs became fully mature. Most of the leaves above the ground were yellow, and the bulbs contained the highest amount of starch, and the harvesting yield was also the highest. Generally, the yield per mu was 5000-7000 kg. , And more resistant to storage and transportation. One week before harvesting. Cut off the upper leaves of the ground and wait for the natural healing of the wound before harvesting to facilitate storage. Picking and picking on sunny days to dig, shake off the soil, remove the petiole, roots, and separate the mother and child. Seedlings should be harvested when the bulbs are fully mature. Good mother plants are selected from the high-yield and high-yield fields. Individual bulbs are required to conform to the characteristics of the planted species, with more sub-paragraphs and more uniform size. less. Then, from the mother plant, the fully-grown older pods were planted and the top whitish, non-mature pods, and greenish tops, soil surfaces, and undersized pods were eliminated. After spreading for half a day, the surface can be dried after it is dried.
Cultivation Techniques of Water Citron Planting
I. Selection and disinfection of seedlings: The seedlings reserved for seedlings should be selected again after they have been stored for the winter, and the seedlings that have become partially softened, subsidence of the top buds and have been significantly chilled and rotten are to be removed. Choose a healthy species for breeding, about 2-4 in size. The pods must be sterilized before germination and sterilized with 75% carbendazim 800 times for 1 hour in order to prevent seed lice poisoning.