Release date: 2018-07-03

According to foreign media reports, NASA sent 10 mice to the International Space Station to compare the changes of microbes in the space environment through 90-day observation experiments and comparison with 10 mice living on the Earth. .

Will living in space make your intestinal bacteria dysfunctional? Twenty mice are about to reveal the answer to this question. On the early morning of Friday, SpaceX launched its 15th replenishment mission from Cape Canaveral, and the "Dragon" spacecraft with nearly 6,000 pounds of cargo was put into orbit. Most of the payloads are scientific instruments and equipment to help six astronauts on the space station conduct scientific research.

Illustration: A sign about this experiment.

One of the experiments will include puncture, weigh and analyze fecal components on the International Space Station and 20 mice on Earth, as well as real-time observations while the mice are sleeping.

The study aimed to determine how life in a sterile spacecraft would change the animal's circadian rhythm in space and whether it would destroy healthy microbial communities in animals. These rodents are also part of the study, because before NASA began sending humans to Mars, they wondered how long-distance travel would distort bodily functions, including how all parasitic bacteria in the body react.

Ten of these mice will spend 90 days in space (approximately 9 years in modern times). Martha Vitaterna, deputy director of the Center for Sleep and Day and Night Physiology at Northwestern University and one of the research project directors, said: "I am trying to understand the sequence of events that occur when microgravity interferes with sleep and wake cycles. "Microorganisms produce a variety of essential molecules that humans and mice can't produce, and Vitta Turner and her colleagues want to know if changes in these chemical signals can affect a host's ability to withstand problems such as lack of sleep, thereby giving the body metabolism. And the immune system causes disorders.

Her research team sent two different mice into space, one that was able to snoring under zero-gravity conditions, and one that slept very lightly in a simulated experiment. Due to the genetic effects, mice with poor sleep quality cannot produce melatonin.

The two compatriots on Earth will be placed in a NASA research facility with the same habitat as the International Space Station - a sealed metal box with airlock portholes and pollen air. filtering system. They will be placed in exactly the same environment, with the same composition of gas, temperature, and simulated day and night lighting. However, the experimental environment on the ground was delayed by three days than the International Space Station. The environmental data stream stored on the International Space Station will tell scientists on the ground how to replicate the space station laboratory every minute.

This project is similar to NASA's Space Year study. Astronaut Scott Kelly conducted 340 days of intensive observations on the International Space Station, and his identical twin brother Mark (Mark) The retired NASA astronauts have also gone through the same steps on Earth. Northwestern University was also one of 10 research groups from across the country who worked together to study how space changed Scott's body.

Vitta Turner's team found that zero-gravity life changed the balance between the two main bacteria in Scott Kelly's gastrointestinal tract, but when he returned to Earth, everything returned to normal. In order to protect astronauts from dangerous pathogens, spacecraft must remain extremely clean, and scientists have been wondering whether the lack of bacteria makes it difficult to replenish the diversity of the biome. But in general, scientists are surprised that the overall diversity of gut microbiota in his year in space is so small.

To continue to understand this in depth, NASA's ongoing larger study, the Astronaut Microbiota Project, aims to track the bacterial community on the body before, during and after the astronauts perform their duties. As early as 2013, NASA began collecting astronauts' blood, saliva and swabs (from the forehead, armpits, yes, and buttocks) and conducted the final round of collection in February of this year. The corresponding findings will provide the best observations so far about how space affects human bacteria, including effects on human metabolism and immune function.

You can observe astronauts but not directly dissect them. This is not the case for rodents in the experiment. After this trip, scientists will delve into different organs, such as the liver and spleen, to better understand any link between inflammation, metabolic changes, and microbial changes. All of this information is critical to designing the Mars mission and ensuring the normal physical function of the astronauts.

If everything goes as planned, the mice arrive at the space station on Monday, July 2, at the same time, there will be a grinning companion robot and a special micro aquarium, which actually grows in a zero-gravity environment. Micro-chemical garden. More scientific research will be carried out on the International Space Station. (晗冰)

Source: NetEase Technology

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