In the spring, the cultivation of bitter gourd is covered with a small arch shed, which is listed early and has high benefits. Its cultivation techniques are as follows:

First, choose the plot

Bitter melons are moist, afraid of flooding, should choose loam that is not easy to be affected by cockroaches, deep soil layers, and good permeability, and it is not appropriate to use melons as the front crops.

Second, choose the variety

Varieties suitable for local climatic conditions, short melons, short internodes, small leaves, strong resistance, early maturity, good commercial, cold and disease resistance should be selected.

Third, sowing seedlings

The seed coat of bitter gourd seeds is hard and should be soaked and germinated before sowing. When planting seedlings, build a small arch shed on the seedbed to prevent cold. There should be sufficient illumination time in the seedling stage, and the arch shed should be kept at 25 °C - 30 °C during the day and above 20 °C during the night. Keep the seedbed loose and moist.

Fourth, fertilization transplantation

In early April, when the soil temperature above 10 cm is about 12 °C (30-40 days old, 3-4 true leaves). Before planting, combine the whole planting with the base fertilizer, apply 3000-4000 kg of farmyard manure per mu, and 30 kg of superphosphate. The phosphate fertilizer should be mixed with manure for more than 15 days before application. After fertilization, the shallow tillage, after leveling and fine, is made 1.5 meters wide (including the bottom ditch 0.5 meters) and 20 cm high. When planting, each row is planted 2 rows with a row spacing of 0.7 meters and a plant spacing of 0.5 meters. After planting, pour the root water.

V. Field management

1. Topdressing and watering. After planting and living, combined with watering, the application of 10% of the decomposed farmyard manure will promote the roots to tie down and cultivate strong seedlings. A second top dressing is carried out when the plant grows to a height of 30 cm. After that, the growth of the plants increased with the increase of temperature. When the first batch of female flowers was opened, the manure urine of 20% of the concentration was applied once. After the first batch of fruit is harvested, 20 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per acre, and then fertilized once every 7-10 days. Foliar spray can be applied during the flowering period. In the growth process of bitter gourd, a large amount of water is needed, and in the case of no fruit, it should be poured once every 5-7 days.

2. Cultivate weeding. Combine weeding at the seedling stage and shallow cultivating twice. Cultivate 2-3 times during the subsequent growth period. If there are weeds, you can remove them by hand.

3. Rack the whole vine. When the vine grows to a height of 50-70 cm, each of the plants is inserted with a bamboo stalk of about 2 meters in length, and each of them is placed on an adult-shaped frame, and the bitter melon is fixed on the bamboo raft to prevent the vines from intertwining each other. When bitter gourd begins to pump vines, it should be combined with the characteristics of the variety, and the side vines should be removed or selected. The main vines should be removed from the side vines, and the side vines should be removed below 1 meter. In the middle and late stages of plant growth and development, the plants should be removed. The old yellow leaves in the lower part are used for ventilation and light transmission.

4. Disease prevention and treatment. The diseases of bitter gourd mainly include blight, powdery mildew, downy mildew and the like. In the early stage of wilt disease, it can be sprayed with 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 1000 times solution; when powdery mildew or downy mildew occurs, it can be sprayed with 15% powder rusting 200-300 times.

Sixth, timely harvest

Generally, 12-15 days after flowering is a suitable harvesting period for commercial melons. At this time, the fruit grows fully, the fruit tumor is thick, the tumor groove becomes shallow, and the tip is smooth and shiny. The results were picked once every 5-6 days, and picked up once every 2-3 days. It should be harvested before sunrise, and the bitter gourd harvested at noon or afternoon is easy to turn yellow, is not resistant to storage and transportation, and is cut from the base with scissors when harvesting.

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Auto Chemistry Analyzer

The automatic biochemical analyzer is an instrument that measures a specific chemical composition in body fluids according to the principle of photoelectric colorimetry. Due to its fast measurement speed, high accuracy and small consumption of reagents, it has been widely used in hospitals, epidemic prevention stations and family planning service stations at all levels. The combined use can greatly improve the efficiency and benefits of routine biochemical testing.
principle
The automatic analyzer is to automatically run all or part of the steps of sampling, mixing, warm bath (37°C) detection, result calculation, judgment, display and printing results and cleaning in the original manual operation process. Today, biochemical tests are basically automated analysis, and there are fully automatic biochemical analysis systems designed for large or very large clinical laboratories and commercial laboratories, which can be arbitrarily configured according to the laboratory's testing volume.
Whether it is the fastest-running (9600Test/h) modular fully automatic biochemical analyzer today, or the original manual-operated photoelectric colorimeter for colorimetry, the principle is the use of absorption spectroscopy in spectroscopic technology. It is the most basic core of the biochemical instrument.
Optical system: is a key part of ACA. Older ACA systems used halogen tungsten lamps, lenses, color filters, and photocell assemblies. The optical part of the new ACA system has been greatly improved. ACA's beam splitting system can be divided into front splitting and rear splitting due to different light positions. The advanced optical components use a set of lenses between the light source and the cuvette to convert the original light source. The light projected by the lamp passes through the cuvette to bring the beam to the speed of light (unlike traditional wedge beams), so that the spot beam can pass through even the smallest cuvette. Compared with traditional methods, it can save reagent consumption by 40-60%. After the spot beam passes through the cuvette, the spot beam is restored to the original beam through this group of restoration lenses (wide difference correction system), and is divided into several fixed wavelengths (about 10 or more wavelengths) by the grating. The optical/digital signal direct conversion technology is used to directly convert the optical signal in the optical path into a digital signal. It completely eliminates the interference of electromagnetic waves to the signal and the attenuation in the process of signal transmission. At the same time, the optical fiber is used in the signal transmission process, so that the signal can achieve no attenuation, and the test accuracy is improved by nearly 100 times. The closed combination of the optical path system makes the optical path without any maintenance, and the light splitting is accurate and the service life is long.

Constant temperature system: Since the temperature of the biochemical reaction has a great influence on the reaction results, the sensitivity and accuracy of the constant temperature system directly affect the measurement results. The early biochemical instruments used the method of air bath, and later developed into a dry bath with constant temperature liquid circulation which combines the advantages of dry air bath and water bath. The principle is to design a constant temperature tank around the cuvette, and add a stable constant temperature liquid that is odorless, non-polluting, non-evaporating and non-deteriorating in the tank. The constant temperature liquid has a large capacity, good thermal stability and uniformity. The cuvette does not directly contact the constant temperature liquid, which overcomes the characteristics of the water bath type constant temperature being susceptible to pollution and the uneven and unstable air bath.

Sample reaction stirring technology and probe technology: The traditional reaction stirring technology adopts magnetic bead type and vortex stirring type. The current popular stirring technology is a stirring unit composed of multiple groups of stirring rods that imitate the manual cleaning process. When the first group of stirring rods is stirring the sample/reagent or mixed solution, the second group of stirring rods performs high-speed and high-efficiency cleaning at the same time. The set of stirring bars also undergoes a warm water washing and air drying process at the same time. In the design of a single stirring rod, a new type of spiral high-speed rotating stirring is adopted, and the rotation direction is opposite to the spiral direction, thereby increasing the stirring force, the stirred liquid does not foam, and reducing the scattering of light by microbubbles. Reagent and sample probes are based on the principle of early capacitive sensing, but slightly improved to increase the alarm of blood clots and protein clots, and re-test results according to the alarm level, reducing sample aspiration errors and improving the reliability of test results. . Large-scale biochemical instruments can detect more than 1,000 tests per hour, so automatic retesting is very important. Subjective evaluation of test results and manual retesting can no longer meet clinical needs.

Other aspects: barcode recognition of reagents and samples and computer login. Due to the lack of barcode recognition function of early biochemical instruments, there are more opportunities for errors. In recent years, both imported and domestic chemical instruments have adopted barcode detection. The use of this technology in biochemical instruments has provided technical support for the development of high-speed ACA, and also made the instrument quite supportive. The software development is simple and easy, therefore, barcode detection is the basis for the intelligence of the instrument. Open reagents, as an important factor for hospitals to choose models, whether the instrument supports open reagents is very important. After the reagents are opened, hospitals and scientific research units can choose their own reagent suppliers, and have a greater degree of freedom in measuring the price, the reliability of the test results, and the validity period of the reagents. Ion Selective Electrode Analysis Accessory (ISE), human serum and urine electrolyte indicators are very important, and hospitals can save money by adding ISE to the ACA system.

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