Broccoli also known as broccoli, broccoli, rich in vitamin A, vitamin C, etc., is a high nutritional value of high-quality vegetables, favored by consumers. In recent years, the planting area of ​​broccoli has been increasing year by year, and various diseases have become increasingly serious. In particular, black spot disease is one of the most serious diseases in the development of broccoli industry.

First, pathogens and harm symptoms

Broccoli black spot pathogen is Alternaria brassicae. Black spot disease can occur in all growth stages of broccoli, mainly infecting leaves, and in severe cases it also harms stems, petioles, flower bulbs, and seed pods. The incidence of plants is mostly from the old leaves to the young leaves. In the initial stage, green spots or small black spots appear on the leaves or leaves. Afterwards, the central spots become brown and necrotic. As the disease progresses, the lesions gradually enlarge to form a round or near-circular shape. Lesions; At higher temperatures, the disease quickly expands to a grayish-white or gray-brown, round spot. Lesion diameter 10 ~ 30 mm, gray-brown to yellow-brown, most of them have obvious concentric ring pattern, slightly concave, lesions often have yellow halo around the edge, in the lesion on the front or back are generated round veins distribution of dark brown Mildew, which is the conidiophore and conidia of pathogens, often perforated in later stages. Multiple lesions meet each other, leaving the leaves yellow and necrotic. The lesions on the leaves are mostly distributed on the leaf margins. The culm was infected, with a watery, round or near-circular small spot at the beginning, and a small brown spot at the back; the petiole was infected; the lesions were long spindle-shaped, with a watery appearance at the beginning, and later the diseased section was sunken or cracked. Dark brown mold is produced. The incidence of flower bulbs mainly causes pedicels and small buds to brown and rot. The flower buds are scattered with dark brown moldy textures. When the diseases are serious, when the diseases are serious (ie when there are a large number of pedicels and flower buds), they are evenly distributed. There are dark brown moldy; when the climate is dry, the pedicels and small flower buds that are onset are brownish dry rot with dark brown moldy texture. A species of maggot infected, appearing near the elliptical shape on the surface, with a slightly dark brownish-brown spot, with a large number of necropsy on the spot, necrosis of the pedicels, and weak or weak plants, or thin and strong.

Second, prevention and control technology

1. Agricultural control: Each year, non-cruciferous vegetables are used for annual rotation; organic base fertilizer should be applied, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium should be used in conjunction with appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. During the growing season, topdressing and watering were performed in a timely manner to prevent premature degeneration of deferred plants and enhance plant resistance to diseases. After the harvest, the plant debris and defoliation were completely removed, and the diseased leaves were cleared in time to reduce the pathogenic bacteria source. When the bulb grows to the size of the fist, proper control of watering, increasing phosphorus, potassium fertilizer. Such as the application of superphosphate, grass ash, bone meal, etc., can enhance plant disease resistance.

2. Chemical control: In the early stage of disease, 50% of iprodione WP can be used 1000 to 1500 times, or 50% of Doxeweed WP 1000 to 1500 times, or 50% of ethylene nucleus wettable powder 1500～ 1800 times, or 80% spray WP WP 600 times, or 10% Difenoconazole water dispersible granules 1000 to 1500 times, or 77% to kill (copper hydroxide) wettable powder 800 ~ 1000 times spray control can be. Spray once every 7 to 10 days, depending on the condition, spray 2 or 3 times.

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