Apple trees are perennial woody plants with deep roots and long life. Throughout the growth and development process, in addition to the growth cycle, the apple tree has a life cycle. During the growth process, the nutrient demand has a certain rule. Therefore, when fertilizing an apple tree, it is necessary to understand its characteristics and characteristics of fertilizer requirements, so that due to the tree due to rational fertilization.

Fertilizing amount: According to the requirements of the apple tree fertilizer, soil nutrient measurement results and tree age, determine the amount of fertilizer, balanced fertilization. Normal adult orchard should apply 20kg of pure nitrogen, 95% of phosphorus pentoxide and 20kg of potassium oxide per mu. The ratio of N, P, and K is 1:0.5:1, and the application rate per mu is equivalent to 43 kg of urea, 75-125 kg of superphosphate, and 33 kg of potassium chloride. Young orchards should be applied with 30 kg of pure nitrogen, 20 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 30 kg of potassium oxide per acre. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.7:1. The amount of fertilizer per acre equivalent to urea 65kg, superphosphate 166kg, potassium chloride 50kg. According to the survey, the application of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers is too large and the amount of potash fertilizer is insufficient in the fertilization of orchards. The amount of N and P fertilizers should be controlled and the amount of potash fertilizer should be increased.

Fertilization method:

1 Basal fertilizer Basic fertilizer is the main fertilization method in orchards. It should follow the technical requirements of “early, full, full, deep, uniform” and should be applied from late September to late October. The earlier this time, the better. Basal fertilizer is mainly farmyard fertilizers, with some of the available fertilizer. For each 1 kg of apple produced, 1.5 to 2.0 kg of high-quality farmyard manure should be applied for calculation. The young orchards annually apply 50 to 100 kg of fertilizer per farmer, increasing with the increase of the age and the amount of fruit, and an output of more than 2000 kg per mu. Mu Shi farmhouse fertilizer to achieve the number of kilograms of fruit a few kilos of fertilizer requirements. With urea 30kg, superphosphate 80kg. When saplings are fertilized, the saplings are applied with "annular furrows" combined with expanded pans. The furrow width is 20 to 30cm, and the furrow depth is 20 to 30cm. It expands outwards year by year. The mature trees adopt the "radial groove" or "trench" fertilization method. The groove width is 30 to 40cm, the depth of the groove is 30 to 40cm, and the earth is covered after fertilization.

2 Top-dressing Topdressing follows the technical requirements of “appropriate, shallow, clever, uniform” and is usually twice a year. The first soil thawing to the bud before the main nitrogen fertilizer, supplemented by phosphate fertilizer; the second flower bud differentiation and fruit enlargement period, the main phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, supplemented by nitrogen, mixed use. Fertilizing before budding can promote budding and flowering of fruit trees, increase fruit setting rate and promote new shoot growth. Nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers are generally used, and diammonium can be used. The top dressing during fruit enlargement can increase the yield and fruit sugar content, promote the coloring and increase the hardness. The topdressing fertilizer was mainly potassium, and the selection of acupuncture points or shallow application of "well" word ditch applied 40 kg of potassium chloride per acre and 5 kg of diammonium. Generally, the output of apple orchards is controlled at 2000-2500kg. The annual production of pure nitrogen is 18-23kg, pure phosphorus is 20-25kg, and pure potassium is 25-30kg.

3Foliage sprayed on the vegetative growth period of fruit trees, mainly spraying nitrogen fertilizer, the concentration should be low, such as urea 0.3% ~ 0.5%; in the late growth season, spraying phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, the concentration may be high, such as Spray 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and spray 0.5% to 0.7% urea. Flowering can spray (0.2% ~ 0.3%) nitrogen, boron fertilizer, calcium or photosynthetic fertilizer.

The orchard leaves are sprayed for 2 to 3 times a year, mainly supplemented with phosphorus, potassium elements, calcium and magnesium elements and boron, iron, manganese, zinc and other trace elements. In the critical critical period of apple calcium supplementation (from the third week to the fifth week after flowering), two times calcium gebao 600-800 times liquid was sprayed at intervals of 10 days. 30 days before fruit picking (after sack bag inner bag removal) 600-800 times calcium phosphate plus 300 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed once to increase the fertilizer utilization rate, maintain the balance of trace elements, and prevent the calcium deficiency of the apple. The occurrence of diseases such as disease and bitter pit disease.

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