In recent years, apple rot disease has spread rapidly. Most orchards have rot disease in varying degrees. According to the author's investigation in Fengxiang County, the incidence of rot disease accounts for more than 90% of the county's mature orchards, and the incidence of light orchard rot disease The infection rate was between 5% and 10%, and the severe cases were above 30%. Individuals were particularly serious and reached the level of destroying the garden. Even if the orchards were newly built, they were infected with rot.

Due to the spread of rot disease, apple fruit became smaller, with poor color, light flavor, reduced yield and quality, and the result was shortened. Rot disease has become a major headache for farmers. Although the reasons for the occurrence of rot in various orchards are different, they can be summarized as follows:

1. Reasons for the occurrence

1.1 Unreasonable fertilization

Insufficient fertilization, light application of organic fertilizers, potash fertilizers, and the use of trace elements have led to debilitating trees, poor growth, decreased resistance, and infectious rot.

1.2 too much fruit, load

In some orchards, thinning and thinning of fruit are not strict. The amount of fruit left is too large, and nutrient consumption of the tree is too large, causing large and small annual results. The tree is weak and accelerates the occurrence of rot disease.

1.3 Insufficiency of pest control is not timely or thorough

In particular, early defoliation, brown spot, and red spider have not been timely controlled, resulting in less accumulation of nutrients in the tree, resulting in rot disease.

1.4 improper medication

Some growers lack understanding of the law of rot disease occurrence, often misuse of medicines, prevention and treatment are not timely, and poor treatment results in the spread of rot disease.

The rot disease is caused by bacteria of the genus Ascomycetes, Staphylococcus, Mycobacterium, and Humicola. It is a weakly parasitic fungus that can only invade the dead cortical tissue or debilitating and dying. It is parasitic and parasitic, and the mycelium of the bacteria cannot directly enter the living cells to ingest nutrients. Only the dead cells can be used. These pathogens usually lurk in the unhealed necrotic tissue of the apple tree and are blocked due to nutrient and moisture transport. Gradually losing its vitality, causing the tree to weaken, weakened resistance, then invade the bast from the wound, causing bark rot, severe tree death.

The transmission of the disease is mainly caused by wind and rain. The trimming and grafting disinfection is not strict and the carrying of diseased branches is also one of the infection pathways. The biggest difference between apple rot disease and other diseases is that other diseases occur during the growing season, and rot disease occurs during the dormant period. Therefore, we must adhere to the prevention of falling leaves to dormancy. In this stage, we must apply a variety of measures, adhere to comprehensive prevention and control to increase nutrient accumulation, strengthen the tree as the basis, remove pathogens as a guarantee, attach importance to organic and inorganic fertilizers in autumn, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and spray trace elements. And a variety of nutrients as a means to adhere to long-term prevention, early prevention and early treatment. Through years of practice, the author summarized the following prevention and control measures.

2. Control measures

2.1 Early prevention

Before the winter and before fruit sprouting, the whole tree was sprayed with 25% propiconazole 4000 times and 80% into the standard 200 times. After the initial ulcer appeared on the surface of the skin layer after 7 months, the old rough skin was scraped first and then used again. Propiconazole 4000 times solution plus 80% 200 times the standard solution or Corrupted original liquid smear disease. After the fruit is picked, dry it one time before the winter.

2.2 Strengthening Integrated Management and Increasing Tree Potential

(1) Add organic fertilizer. Apply 2500-4000 kg of organic fertilizer per 667 square meters, and 150-200 kg of potassium sulfate. (2) Strengthen leaf protection and root protection measures to prevent and control various pests and diseases in a timely manner. Freezing injury to protect the wound. (3) Cultivation of disease-resistant, virus-free varieties. (4) Reasonable pruning, reasonable load, reduce the size of the annual results. Each year, winter shearing controls the amount of large branches to no more than two, and it also protects wounds such as Shukang to prevent water loss and frostbite. The amount of fruit left per 667 square meters is controlled between 13,000 and 15,000, and the output is controlled between 2000 and 3,000 kilograms.

2.3 emphasis on the removal of germs

(1) After the winter cut, the garden will be cleared again, and the branches will be cleared to remove the dead leaves and the diseased shoots in the garden. How was the chicken market in 2011? (2) The drug was smeared with a new cut, a large cut, and a rot disease. (3) The scraped skin and cut-off diseased branches and the excavated diseased trees were burned and buried deeply. (4) Rational and timely medication. Every year from July to September, scrape off the disease and old warp skin. After scraping, apply 25% of propiconazole 200 times fluid plus 80% 100 times liquid or Cortis the original solution to smear the disease, trunk, main branch and large Supplementary branches. Each year when the leaves are pruned, 25% propiconazole 4000 times is sprayed on the trees. Eliminate the bacteria that lurk in the petiole, stalks, and cuts to reduce the chance of infection. About 10 days before germination, spraying 25% propiconazole 5000 times in the tree plus 80% 500 times into the standard to control the spread of rot disease. Every spring from the end of February to the beginning of April, each garden is inspected one by one, and it is found that rot disease is promptly scraped. The scraping must be in place until the new skin layer is exposed. Scrape is applied 1-2 times after scraping, 7-10 days later. Apply the second dose of medicine and apply 1-2 cm thick yellow mud on the wound after application. Wrap it with a plastic film to prevent water from spreading and promote wound healing. (5) Bridge at the right time. The major illnesses that are caused by trunk scraping are bridged and connected in time between late March and early April to facilitate the communication of moisture, nutrient delivery, and early restoration of tree vigor.

In addition, the author in his own practice to find out a pesticide formula, that is: every 5 grams of water plus 5 ml of 25% of propiconazole EC and 50 grams of carbendazim, smear after a smooth smear 1-2 times, the cure rate is high The control effect is significant and worthy of promotion.

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