Quality and Safety Problems and Analysis of Chinese Laver Products

In recent years, with the increasing consumption of seaweed, the range of sea culture of seaweed has been expanding. More and more investors have joined the boom of seaweed culture, the density of breeding is too large, and the pollution of breeding environment has led to the pollutants of seaweed. When hidden dangers arise, product quality and safety issues are getting more and more attention.

我国紫菜产品质量安全问题与分析

1 Quality and safety issues and analysis of laver products

1.1 Safety hazards in the breeding sector

1.1.1 The serious degradation of seaweed germplasm can not meet the industrial demand. Seedlings are the basis of seaweed farming. Many laver breeding enterprises and individuals consider the production cost factors. The laver seedlings used are mostly self-propagating and self-contained, and the quality cannot be effectively guaranteed. After repeated breeding, the germplasm degradation phenomenon is becoming more and more serious. The original excellent traits cannot be inherited in production. And development, resulting in slower growth of seedlings, weakened disease resistance, and reduced color quality. As the temperature in the sea area continues to rise, the zero-degree line moves northward, and the growth period of seaweed is generally shortened by 20 to 30 days. The number of harvests is reduced, the disease resistance is reduced, and new cultivated lines and characteristic trait lines are scarce. Therefore, screening and breeding resistant strains resistant to high temperatures and disease-preventing strains and characteristic strains capable of forming high-quality products have become urgent requirements in the breeding industry.

1.1.2 Marine environmental pollution seriously affects product quality

Due to the large amount of industrial sewage and domestic sewage discharged into the sea, the pollution in the offshore waters is serious. The toxic and harmful substances such as petroleum and arsenic in the seawater increase year by year. As a kind of algae growing in the shallow sea, laver has its own characteristics of enrichment of the genus, so it is at risk of exceeding the standard. The high content of aluminum in seaweed may be caused by pollution in farming and processing. At present, GB 2762-2017 "Food Safety National Standards for Contaminants in Foods" only specifies a lead limit of 1.0 mg/kg (dry weight) for laver and its products, and Yao Yiping's lead content in seaweed in Ningbo. According to the analysis, the lead content of the 80 仹 seaweed was ranged from 0.15 to 2.01 mg/kg, of which 14 仹 lead was higher than 1.0 mg/kg, and the over-standard rate was 17.5%. The laver culture area is also seriously polluted by various floating objects on the sea. There are mainly kinds of water plants, ropes, plastic sheets, etc. Direct pollution to the culture trusses and algae cannot be removed, resulting in many foreign materials in the processed products. Affect product quality and sales price.

1.1.3 Non-standard production of seaweed leads to low yield of seaweed

As the price of seaweed continues to rise, the producers are eager for quick success, blindly increasing the density of seaweed farming for the purpose of increasing production, leading to frequent occurrence of seaweed diseases. The scientific and rational farming mode is gradually ignored, and the promotion and application of healthy farming technology has become a seaweed. Common problems and key technologies that the aquaculture industry urgently needs to solve. Some of the laver cultures are not properly sited, and the nursery area is close to the sewage outlets and drainage outlets. Due to the frequent changes in the environment, the laver seedlings or the vegetables are not suitable for the environment, and the diseases are frequent; the layout of the laver culture is unreasonable, resulting in high local breeding density. More than 2~3 times of the requirements of the culture regulations, the exchange of water in the culture area is poor, and the nutrient salt is insufficient, resulting in a decrease in the yield of seaweed.

我国紫菜产品质量安全问题与分析

1.2 Problems in the processing link

1.2.1 Product quality and safety issues weaken product competitiveness

In recent years, the quality and safety of seaweed products have been reported frequently, and the main problems are as follows. First, the problem of primary algae doping, China's laver breeding industry is still dominated by retail farming, some farmers in order to increase the weight of seawater, fresh water, sediment and other large into the laver original algae, seriously disrupted the laver market, endangering consumers Healthy body. The problem is that the bacteria exceeds the standard. The drying temperature of seaweed should be controlled above 80 °C in order to play the role of sterilization and drying. In order to reduce energy consumption, many enterprises set the maximum temperature to 70 °C, and the drying temperature is insufficient. The bactericidal effect, coupled with the unreasonable layout of the factory, the poor hygiene of the processing staff, the sanitary environment of the workshop, and the bacteria in the dried laver exceeded the standard. The third is the problem of quality decline. The drying rate of high-quality laver processing should be 1 dry coriander from 5 to 6 s. In order to increase the yield, some enterprises often adjust the drying rate to 3 s. A dried seaweed, the seaweed is still confiscated. On the other hand, it will take the next step, resulting in the product receiving hair, poor softness, insufficient gloss, affecting product quality and sales price.

1.2.2 Laver enterprise production equipment and facilities are outdated, unable to meet the needs of industrial development

There are broken, old, leaking and rusting phenomena in laver processing equipment. Many processing plants still use processing machines in the 1980s, which seriously affect product quality. In particular, compared with Japan and South Korea, seaweed products have many foreign bodies. Common foreign bodies include shells, grass clippings, plastic chips, plastic silk, mesh, hair, feathers, etc. The domestic seaweed processing plant has only been screened by a foreign machine. Then, manual selection is carried out, and even if it takes a lot of time to process the impurities, it is difficult to remove the impurities, which often becomes a hot spot for consumers to complain. At present, Japan is a government subsidy. It uses a million-class high-end foreign machine to screen through two channels. Most of the enterprises in China use a foreign machine with a cost of about 20,000 yuan. The backwardness of the equipment seriously affects the quality of the product. If it is not solved, it will affect the seaweed. The industry is healthy and sustainable.

1.2.3 Insufficient development of the domestic market, the product has no market price

The laver products are mainly exported, and the products are sold to countries such as Korea and Japan. The laver processing enterprises pay insufficient attention to the development of the domestic market, resulting in low influence and market share in the domestic market. The reason for this is that as a snack food, the sales price of laver products is relatively high, and most consumer groups are difficult to accept, and the main products in the current market are still sushi seaweed, and the market consumption demand is not high.

Therefore, research and development of laver products suitable for domestic consumption levels and eating habits is an important direction for the laver industry to open its domestic market in the future.

2 Seaweed product quality and safety management measures and recommendations

2.1 Strengthen relevant technical research and scientific research, and solve the industrial problems. Relevant departments should increase the protection of wild seedlings of seaweed, research on improved breeding techniques and scientific and technological input of intensive processing. Breeding excellent, high-yield, and stress-resistant seaweed varieties through modern biotechnology means; establishing operational rules and cultivation procedures for fine seedling cultivation, establishing standardization and standardized demonstration of fine variety breeding, seed cultivation, sea area cultivation, and deep processing Base, strengthen the research of deep processing technology, develop new technology of laver once and deep processing, strengthen the analysis and risk assessment of the genus and pesticide residues in laver, and avoid trade barriers. Through technical research and scientific research, we will solve the problems of research and development of aquaculture technology, processing technology, processing equipment and product types in the laver industry and the transformation of scientific research results.

2.2 Focus on quality, improve the competitiveness of laver products, and ensure the healthy development of the industry

The competition around seaweed products in the domestic and international markets will intensify in the future. How to win in the battle for the market is a problem that must be considered in the Chinese seaweed industry. Taking China's processing and exporting enterprises as the leading factor, starting from the two points of focusing on product quality and controlling output is the key to solving this problem. It is recommended to take the following three specific measures: First, improve equipment and facilities, improve production efficiency, and strictly follow Jiangsu Province. The implementation of the guidelines for the Health and Safety of Dried Seaweed Processing, implementing HACCP plans and good agricultural practices (GAP) in a laver production process. At the same time, it establishes a trust-and-trade relationship with the farmers, through the improvement of the industrial cluster construction, the sharing of resources and information within the industry, the realization of transaction cost savings, and the acceleration of industrial upgrading to improve industrial productivity. The matter is to strengthen process control, select reasonable production processes and parameters, control production, improve product quality, reduce labor costs, and achieve high quality and low prices. The third is to improve the capabilities of deep processing and product development based on market characteristics and consumer demand characteristics, develop quality strategies, increase marketing planning and publicity efforts, and strengthen food safety construction to achieve product differentiation.

我国紫菜产品质量安全问题与分析

2.3 Expanding the domestic market and increasing product sales by consumption

Increasing the awareness of domestic consumers about laver products will help to better explore market potential. Nowadays, the development of enterprises is no longer the era of “the wine is not afraid of the alleys.” If enterprises want to occupy a certain position in the market, they must collect market and consumer information in time, accurately grasp the market positioning, and produce according to the needs of consumers. The right products, 幵 through a certain sales channel to sell the products, in order to achieve long-term development. However, collecting market, consumer information, and expanding sales channels must rely on a network information platform. Therefore, laver processing enterprises should promote the products through the network. For example, laver processing enterprises can establish their own online stores on large-scale online sales platforms such as Taobao, Jingdong, Suning Tesco, increase product sales, broaden the domestic market, and increase corporate profits.

2.4 Strengthen market supervision and promote the sustainable development of seaweed industry

We will comprehensively establish a sea area pollution warning system, implement control over environmental pollution sources and pollutants around the aquaculture waters, and implement dynamic monitoring and analysis of the aquaculture water conditions. The administrative law enforcement agencies shall strictly enforce the access system for seedlings and seaweed culture, especially for enterprises that do not meet the requirements for water bodies and breeding scales, improve the fishery management system, reasonably control the scale of development and speed of development, and avoid disorderly development and over-cultivation. The fishery departments at all levels should also urge farmers to strictly control the quality of seaweed and fully implement the seedling farms and breeding bases for the record. At the same time, it is recommended that relevant national ministries and commissions and coastal provinces and cities establish information exchange platforms to achieve information quality and safety, environmental assessment, sea area sudden embarrassment and other information resource sharing mechanisms, and the key fishing areas and key industries in the first-hand breeding methods, funding, Technical personnel and other aspects give priority support. Encourage key enterprises to achieve the combination of production, education and research, and improve product quality and safety as the main target, and the government gives priority support to the project.

In view of the problem that the laver products have many foreign materials and are difficult to remove, we should also focus on increasing the supervision of the processing of laver products, and avoid "an impurity becomes a pile of unqualified products." At the same time, the relevant preferential support policies should focus on the products and enterprises, and improve the level of hardware facilities and equipment.

2.5 Strengthen process management, improve standard publicity and implementation

The competent department of the industry shall strengthen the supervision of the production process of the laver processing enterprise, actively carry out the promotion of the laver standard, and improve the implementation of the standard. The relevant domestic departments should also strengthen the development of laver culture and processing production process control and quality safety standards. In the standard setting work, enterprises are encouraged to participate and improve the practicability and operability of the standards. Standard management agencies should actively participate in international standardization technology exchanges, and supplement the relevant standards and technical regulations of Chinese seaweed products as soon as possible to promote the foreign trade of Chinese seaweed products.

Ok, the above is all the analysis of China's laver industry today. This article is highly professional. You can collect it first and then learn slowly!

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