High-yield cultivation techniques and disease control of Chinese yam

What are the precautions and points for yam cultivation? Yam likes to grow in a warm environment, not cold-resistant, its color is white, its shape is hard and hard, it can be eaten, and it is regarded as a common medicinal material. It is called pollution-free vegetables.

山药高效栽培技术及病害防治

1 technical points of yam cultivation

1.1 Choose an excellent variety. For the production of high-quality yam, it is advisable to use Zhenping Yam, crude beef leg yam, Nongda Changshan yam No. 1, Nongda yam No. 1, Agricultural University, which is resistant to disease, strong stress, high in fertilizer, high in yield, good in quality and resistant to storage. There are no new varieties such as yam, Japanese white yam, idyllic yam, flower yam, and Japanese yam.

1.2 Choose sandy loam or light loam with fertile, loose and convenient irrigation and drainage, avoid salt and alkali and clay, and the soil structure should be uniform. At least 1~1.2m soil layer should not have clay, soil sand and other interlayers. The trench should be carried out in the winter and spring slack season. According to the line spacing of 100cm or 60~80cm, adopt the method of “three turns and one loose”, and the ditch depth should reach 100~120cm.

1.3 The time of yam sowing is generally at the end of February and the beginning of March, and the seeding method is generally covered by plastic film. The planting form generally takes 1m as a planting belt and adopts small high ridge cultivation. The height of the ridge is 50cm, the width of the groove is 50cm, and 2 rows of yam are planted on the back of the ridge. The plant spacing is 20cm and the density is 7000. After the yam is unearthed, the bamboo raft is inserted.

1.4 The dosage of yam is large, and the yield of yam is 2000~2500kg/667m. The required fertilizer quality is 10.7kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 7.3kg of phosphate fertilizer and 8.7kg of potassium fertilizer, the ratio is 1.5:1.0:1.2. The data show that the ratio of NPK is 1.5:1.0:3.0. On the basis of applying the base fertilizer, the top dressing can be carried out once during the flowering period. At this time, the tuber expansion period will be entered, and 15kg of urea can be applied in combination with watering. Potassium sulphate 15~20kg, spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1% urea at the late growth stage to prevent premature aging.

山药高效栽培技术及病害防治

1.5 The yam germination in the seedling stage encounters rain, which is easy to cause soil compaction and affect the emergence of seedlings. After each watering and precipitation, shallow tillage should be carried out to maintain good permeability of the soil and promote tuber swelling. During the growth of yam, weeding should be carried out in time. Before emergence, soil-sealed weeding can be carried out with amlodipine or acetochlor. Before emergence, you can use grass cover or Weiba to control all kinds of weeds.

2 Identification and prevention of yam disease

2.1 Symptoms and causes of yam wilt

The blight of yam is also known as the dead vine, and the stem base and underground roots are damaged by blight. At the beginning of the stem, the fusiform brown plaque will gradually appear in the base of the stem, and then the lesion will spread around the base of the stem. The entire epidermis of the stem will rot, which will cause the upper leaves to gradually appear yellow and fall off. Causes the vine to die quickly. The pathogen causing yam wilt can survive in the soil. High temperature and rain, low terrain, poor drainage, excessive nitrogen application, and acidity in the soil may cause the disease. It is prone to lesions in Yunnan from July to September.

Control methods for blight:

First, the seedless yam seeds should be selected for planting, and the yam seeds should be soaked for 10-20 minutes with 70% mancozeb WP 1000 times before planting. Implement crop rotation methods to avoid continuous cropping. Prevention of yam wilt disease can be carried out by using 2000 dry suspension 1000 times liquid or 50% Fumei double powder 500~600 times liquid spray. If the yam has blight, it can be treated with 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times.

2.2 Symptoms and causes of yam anthrax

Anthrax mainly harms the leaves, vines and rhizomes of Chinese yam. Leaf lesions begin to appear as dark green water-stained small spots from the tip or leaf edge, and then turn brown to dark brown to elliptical or amorphous lesions. The middle of the lesion is taupe, grayish white, Wheel pattern, black small grain points. In the early stage of the disease, fusiform irregular spots appear in the rhizome, and the middle of the lesion is grayish white and black around. The anthrax pathogens mainly overwinter in the diseased tissues, spread by wind and rain, and the incidence of high temperature and heavy rain is heavy.

Prevention and treatment methods of anthracnose:

Screening yam varieties, selecting Japanese yam, Mao yam, early sweet potato yam and other disease-resistant varieties; removing the diseased residue after yam harvest, adopting concentrated burning method; spraying 1:1:50 Bordeaux mixture prevention in the initial stage of yam growth , every 10 days; if the yam has developed lesions, use 25% to make 100 grams of emulsifiable concentrate 1300 times solution, or 58% of metalaxyl manganese zinc 500 times solution, or 25% of Rydwell WP 800 to 1000 times solution Spray, interval 7~10 days, use 2~3 times.

山药高效栽培技术及病害防治

2.3 Symptoms and causes of yam spot blight

The spot of spotted blight of yam is the leaf. In the early stage of the disease, dark brown spots appear on the leaf surface. The plaques produced by the lesions are mostly polygonal or irregular, with a radius of 6~10mm. The center is brown, the edges of the leaves are dark brown, and black small particles appear on the leaves, which is the pathogen conidia. The conidia spores are parasitic on the diseased leaves. When the temperature and humidity conditions are appropriate in spring, the conidia will release the conidia through the wind and rain, and carry out initial infection and multiple reinfection.

Prevention and treatment of spot blight:

In the case of yam spot blight often occurring or seriously ill, try to avoid continuous cropping, pay attention to strengthen water and fertilizer management; try to apply compost or decomposed organic fertilizer prepared by enzyme bacteria, and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to avoid excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer. Sorghum deep ditch, clearing and smearing, improving the permeability of the plant. In the early stage of yam spot blight, spray 30% copper oxychloride suspension 600 times solution plus 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 800 times or 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 1000 times solution % chlorothalonil WP 1000 times solution, 50% compound thiophanate WP 1000 times solution, 40% more · sulfur suspension agent (killing disease) 500 times solution, 50% benomyl WP 1500 times Liquid, 60% anti-mildew ultra-wet WP 800 times, every 10 to 15 days, can eliminate spot blight, continuous control needs to be carried out 2 to 3 times.

The above is all about the cultivation of yam today. Farmers who have doubts about the prevention and control of yam pests and diseases have come to Huinong.com.

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