Eggplant thermophilic crops are more resistant to high temperatures, and the suitable temperature is 25~30 °C. It is not sensitive to the reaction of the length of the photoperiod. As long as the temperature is suitable, it can be flowered and firmed from spring to autumn. It is mainly cultivated in open field, and seedlings are planted in the early spring in the north by hotbed or impotence. Due to the long result period of eggplant, in addition to sufficient base fertilizer, it also requires multiple topdressing (mainly nitrogen fertilizer, appropriate application of phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer). The main pests are tigers, blight and verticillium.

Variety selection:

Choose low temperature, low light, early maturing varieties. Such as: black jade, cigar no. 1, Qizao No. 2, green round eggplant, black round eggplant No. 2, Yongfeng black miscellaneous eggplant and so on.

Soaking seeds and germination:

First, the seeds were placed in warm water at 55 ° C, the water consumption was 5-6 times the amount of seeds, the agitation was continued, and the water temperature was maintained at 55 ° C for 10-15 minutes, and then soaked for 8-12 hours in its naturally falling water temperature. The eggplant seed coat is thick and difficult to absorb. If the seed is not sufficiently fermented and is more difficult to germinate, it should be washed first with 0, 2-0, 5% lye, and repeatedly rinsed with water until the seed coat is clean and free of mucus. It can also be soaked in a 1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes before soaking. During the soaking process, change the water every 5-8 hours. When the seeds are fully absorbed, rinse them with clean water, wrap them in a multi-layer wet cloth or sackcloth, pour off the water, put them in a container, and put them in a warm place. Promote germination. Eggplant germination temperature is 25-35 °C, because the seed maturity is not uniform, the temperature and oxygen in the germination bag are uneven, which will cause the seed to germinate. Therefore, it is best to use variable temperature germination, and the temperature is 30 °C for 8 hours. At 20 ° C for 16 hours, after 5-6 days, 75% of the seeds are white and the budding is uniform. During the germination, the seed bag should be frequently turned over to facilitate the exchange of seed coat gas.

sowing:

Eggplant growth requires higher temperatures, and the greenhouse is best sown with a seed box. This method can be moved at will, making it easy to adjust temperature and light. First, lay a layer of 3 cm thick nutrient soil in the seeding box; pour the first water into the water. After the water seeps down, sprinkle a layer of fine soil, spread or ditch the seed, and cover 1 cm thick fine soil after sowing. Cover the plastic film and remove the seeds when they are unearthed.

The planting time should choose the warming period just after the cold current. According to the law of northern climatic conditions, the selection of this planting period can ensure that the seedlings maintain fine weather within 3-5 days after planting, which helps to slow down the seedlings. The day of planting should be carried out at a high temperature of 10-14 hours.

management:

The biggest difficulty after the eggplant is planted is the lack of ground temperature, so it is necessary to strengthen the cold insulation during the low temperature season after planting. 7-10 days after planting, keep room temperature above 30 °C, in order to increase the ground temperature, add night temperature, and slow down the seedlings as soon as possible. And try to keep the ground temperature stable at 16-18 °C. After the slow seedling period, the plants begin to grow normally, and every day, attention should be paid to revealing the light. If the light is insufficient, it is easy to cause falling flowers. After the seedlings are opened, the eggplant flowers are open and enter the result period. At this time, attention should be paid to adjusting the balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth. The room temperature is lowered to 25-30 °C during the day and 15-17 °C during the night, so that the eggplant can be flowered. It can be lush foliage. When the room temperature exceeds 25 °C, the amount of air is released, the excess moisture in the room is eliminated, the carbon dioxide content is increased, the light intensity is increased, and the falling flower is reduced. Even on a cloudy day, we must insist on proper air release, but we must pay special attention to the amount of air released and the time of release.

After the eggplant is planted and poured over the slow seedling water, it will not be watered until the eggplant is flowering, until the eggplant is generally 3 cm long, and then watering and fertilizing. The amount of fertilizer in the first time can be larger, 10-20 kg of ammonium sulfate or 1000 kg of manure. When the eggplant begins to expand, the second fertilizer water is given, and after 10-15 days, the fertilizer water is poured once, and the result is that there is no shortage of water and fat in the middle and late stages.

Eggplant is a hi-light crop, but the natural light in the winter greenhouse is difficult to meet the needs of the greenhouse, causing the plant to grow long and short stigma flowers, causing fruit malformation. Therefore, in addition to cleaning the greenhouse roof every day, it is necessary to hang a reflective curtain to reduce the rear lighting gap in the greenhouse and increase the light intensity.

Eggplant flowers should be smeared with 25-30ppm, 4-4 beforehand, or 4-4, or sprayed with flowers. Each flower is only treated once, not repeated, and the liquid can not be sprinkled on the leaves.

Timely pruning, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, after the eggplant is inflated, the germinated side branches and the lower old leaves are removed, and the second fruit (the eggplant) is also wiped off.

As a result, the amount of fertilizer and water should be appropriately increased during the prime period, and the water should be poured once every 7-10 days, and the fertilizer and organic fertilizer should be used alternately. At the same time, increase the amount of ventilation to meet the needs of photosynthesis and promote fruit ripening.

Diseases and prevention:

Eggplant verticillium wilt will develop soon after colonization. When planted in low temperature, the disease will be early and heavy, but the disease area is the largest and the disease is the heaviest. At the beginning of the disease, the leaf margin and leaf veins of the lower petiole of the lower part of the plant are yellowing, and then gradually develop into a half-leaf or whole leaf. The leaf edge is slightly curled upward, and sometimes the lesion is limited to the half-leaf, causing the leaf to be distorted. The early onset eggplants were wilting, recovering in the morning and evening or after the rain, the leaves turned brown, the whole plant was wilting, the leaves were stripped, and the whole plant died. In severe cases, the whole leaves are often yellow, and brown and dead. Most of the disease is caused by the whole plant, and a few still have some disease-free health branches. At the time of onset: it gradually develops upward from the lower part of the plant, and when it is severe, the whole plant leaves fall off. The diseased plant is short, the plant shape is not stretched, the fruit is small, and the long fruit is sometimes curved. In the longitudinal roots, the xylem bundles were visible in the xylem, which was yellowish brown or tan.

Incidence pattern:

Verticillium wilt of eggplant is caused by fungal infiltration. The pathogens are dormant hyphae, chlamydospores and microsclerotia with the diseased bodies overwintering in the soil, becoming the primary source of dip in the leap year. The germs pass through the fertilizers mixed with the sick bodies, the soil with the bacteria and the weeds of the Solanaceae, and are transported to the disease-free fields by wind, rain, people, livestock and agricultural tools. In the second year, the pathogen invades from the root wound or directly from the larval epidermis and root hair, and then propagates in the vascular bundle and spreads to the branches and leaves. The disease is not repeatedly dip-dyed in the same year. The optimal temperature for onset was 19 ° C ~ 24 ° C, and the hyphae and sclerotia died at 10 ° C for 10 minutes. Generally, the temperature is low, and the root wounds heal slowly when planting, which is conducive to the invasion of germs; the terrain is low, the application of unfertilized organic fertilizer, the irrigation is not proper, and the continuous cropping is heavy.

Control method:

(1) Rotating with non-solanaceae or melon crops for 3 to 4 years.

(2) Select disease-free seeds and disease-resistant varieties; apply full-fertilized organic fertilizer.

(3) The diseased plants are removed in time or buried, and the liquid is perfused and disinfected in the rhizosphere soil.

(4) Seed disinfection treatment, the seeds are pre-soaked with cold water for 3 to 4 hours, then soaked with warm water at 55 ° C for 15 minutes, and dried for use.

(5) Chemical control method, application at the time of planting: When the tomato seedlings are planted, the roots of the seedlings are soaked with 1000 times of 1 strain of roots, and after rooting, the roots are filled with the liquid, and 250 ml of each solution is filled. 70% dikesone WP 500 times solution, 500 ml per plant every 10 to 15 days, and even 2 to 3 times.

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