Nowadays, with the reduction of cultivated land, cultivated land has become more and more tense. In order to improve land utilization rate, increase core output value and increase farmers' income, tobacco and red cabbage rotation technology can be used to make full use of idle land resources and promote tobacco industry. And the sustainable development of the vegetable industry.

Red cabbage is divided into very early maturing, early maturing, medium maturing and late maturing varieties. This technology requires reasonable selection of varieties of red cabbage, and at the same time, it is responsible for disease prevention, water and fertilizer management, and timely harvesting. The autumn and winter season tobacco + red cabbage rotation cultivation techniques are shared as follows, I hope to help you:

1, variety selection

The cultivars of Brassica campestris can be roughly classified into very early maturing, early maturing, medium maturity and late maturity. Very early maturing varieties are planted until the beginning of harvesting within 50 days, such as Hongza 40, Xianghong September, Multicolored Red Dragonfly No. 1, etc.; early maturing varieties begin to harvest 50-60 days after sowing, such as Colorful Zijing No. 2, Multicolored red dragonfly No. 2, red hybrid 60, Huahong No. 1, early red No. 1, etc.; medium-bred varieties began to harvest 70-80 days after sowing, such as Colorful No.12, Hongza 70, Qiweiwei, Wuchang Carmine, etc.; late-maturing varieties began to harvest 90-100 days after sowing, such as Xingye Red Horse, Xianghong 2000, Chi-Wai, Changsha Chi-Red.

2, sowing seedlings

The cultivation of red cabbage should be strictly controlled in the sowing period. Premature soft rot and viral disease are serious and easy to turn over; if the sowing date is too late, the disease can be alleviated. However, due to the slower growth of the plant in the late stage, the growth of the plant is slow, and the yield is affected by the insufficient growth of the rosette leaves. The red cabbage in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River can be sown from August to October. According to the harvest season of the mountain tobacco, it is generally appropriate to plant in the middle and late September.

Generally, seedling transplanting is used, and the seed amount is 10-15 g per 667 m2. It is best to take seedlings to ensure that the roots are not damaged and will soon survive. The seedling substrate is prepared by using 5:3 ratio of decomposed farmyard manure and vegetable garden soil such as pig manure or chicken manure, and mixed with 0.5% superphosphate. The nutrient soil is fertile and the soil structure is good. Matrix.

Strong seedling standards: the upper and lower hypocotyls are short and short without bending; the seedlings have 5-7 normal leaves, the leaves are thicker and greener; the seedlings are normal without pests; the roots of the seedlings are developed without root disease.

3. Soil preparation and fertilization

After harvesting the tobacco leaves, the base fertilizer should be applied in combination with the cultivated land. The base fertilizer should be mainly organic fertilizer, apply 6,000 m2 of commercial organic fertilizer 600 kg, compound fertilizer 50 kg evenly, and then mix well and mix well. The cultivation method of deep groove sorghum is 90 cm wide, 25 cm high and 40 cm wide.

4. Timely planting

The seedling age is generally controlled at 20 to 25 days, and the late-maturing varieties can be planted in about 30 days. However, the quality of the seedlings is reduced over 30 days, which is unfavorable to the growth and development of the plant.

The early maturing varieties have a seedling age of 18 to 22 days; the mid-maturing varieties have a seedling age of 22 to 25 days; and the late-maturing varieties have a seedling age of 25 to 30 days. If the early-maturing seedlings grow up, if they are not planted in time, it is easy to pre-extract in the seedbed; the late-maturing varieties are strong in winter and the sowing season is late, so the seedling age is relatively long, but if the seedbed is barren, high temperature and drought is also prone to partial convulsions.

Choose cloudy or sunny days to plant in the evening, try not to damage the seedlings when planting, and immediately root the water after planting. It is not suitable to colonize on rainy days. In the rainy days, soil water lacks oxygen, and it is difficult for seedlings to have a low survival rate of new roots.

Very early maturing and early maturing varieties can be planted at a row spacing of 45 cm and a plant spacing of about 40 cm, with about 2,500 plants per 667 m2. The mid-maturing varieties can be planted at a row spacing of 50 cm and a plant spacing of about 45 cm, with about 2 100 plants per 667 m2.

5, field management

The root system of red cabbage is shallow, so the water requirement is stricter. If it is lack of water, it will affect the growth. Too much water will be too wet and cause disease, especially soft rot. The irrigation method with irrigation is better and should be carried out after 17:00. The water surface should not exceed the surface of the water. When the soil is wet, the water will be drained immediately. Usually water is poured every 8 to 10 days.

The principle of topdressing is “before the light and then heavy”. The seedling stage fertilizer promotes early development, and the middle and late stage fertilizers promote more convulsions and sturdy. Topdressing is generally applied to 667 m2 of squamous ammonium sulfate or urea 10 kg after 5-7 days after planting, and then applied 1~2 times 5~10 kg/667 m2 of compound fertilizer in the harvest period of rapeseed, preferably not to be poured. Organic fertilizer such as manure to avoid causing disease. Topdressing can be combined with irrigation, cultivating and weeding. Topdressing should be applied to the roots and not to be scattered on the leaves.

6. Pest control

The main diseases of red cabbage are soft rot, downy mildew, clubroot disease, etc. The main pests in the seedling stage include scutellaria and cabbage caterpillars. In the growth period of the leaves, there are cabbage caterpillars, diamondback moth, beet armyworm and aphids.

To prevent soft rot, the field cultivation management should be strengthened, the diseased leaves should be removed in time, and lime should be riddled in the diseased plants to prevent the spread. At the same time combined with chemical control, 72% agricultural streptomycin soluble powder 3,000 ~ 4 000 times solution, 50% dexamethasone aqueous solution 1 000 times solution, 72% neomycin phytomycin soluble powder 3,000 ~ 4 000 times solution 25% thiazolidine wettable powder 800 times liquid, sprayed once every 3 days for 3 to 4 times, focusing on spraying the base of the diseased plant and the near surface surface, and rooting treatment can be carried out according to specific conditions.

The control of downy mildew is disinfected with 50% thiram double wettable powder or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, and the dosage is about 0.3% of the seed quality. Combine 64% anti-virus cockroach (bad cream·manganese-zinc) wettable powder 500 times solution, 50% toxic poison·manganese-zinc wettable powder 500-600 times liquid, 25% metalaxyl WP 500 times liquid or 50% enemy Bactericidal wettable powder 500 times liquid spray.

Root swollen disease should pay attention to the rotation of the diseased plant in the timely application of lime, combined with chemical control, such as 30% carbaryl water 500 times solution, 53% fine nail cream · manganese zinc wettable powder 500 times liquid or 72% methyl Bhujin (methylthiophanate) wettable powder 600 times liquid is poured, sprayed once every 3 days for 3 to 4 times, and the drug is stopped 10 days before harvest.

The vegetable meal insecticide 1% matrine water emulsion 1 000 times liquid or 27% chlorpyrifos powder 1000 times liquid control; the small leaf leaf can spray 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1 000 times liquid and other agents, It is also possible to use a 90% trichlorfon crystal 600 times solution to control the larvae.

Plutella xylostella can be sprayed with 5% Regent (Fipronil) suspension 1500 times solution and 10% chlorfenapyr suspension 1 000 times solution.

7, timely harvest

It is better to harvest the red cabbage in sunny afternoons, because the wounds after harvesting are easy to heal and the petioles and leaves of the afternoon vegetables are soft. Take 1 to 2 days as the harvesting standard, and harvest it every 3 to 4 days in the early stage. It is best to use a special picking knife to cut the rapeseed in principle. In principle, the main picking should be low but not with large leaves. When the side is picking, the base should be left with 3 to 5 leaves. When collecting the sun, the base should be left with 1 to 2 leaves. The wounds left after the harvest of a batch of rapeseed meal are prone to soft rot. After harvesting, the tie can be carried out. When the tie is used, the flowers should be neat, and some flowers should be removed. The leaves can be removed. If necessary, they can be classified according to the thickness of the vegetables.

The cultivation techniques of tobacco leaves and red cabbage can greatly improve the planting efficiency of farmers, so they can be promoted in tobacco-producing areas!

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