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2. Symptoms: The plant can be affected at any stage of growth and development. The first is the discoloration and wilting of the lower leaves and branches of the plants, and they spread rapidly upwards. The leaves turn from normal dark green to light green and finally pale straw. The plants withered, sometimes infected on one side of the plant or half of the individual leaves, showed half of the leaves or leaves on one side withered; the growth of the shoots was distorted, the deformity and the growth stagnated; the young plants were infected and caused rapid death. Stems can be seen dark brown stripes in the vascular bundles, visible from the cross-section to the dark brown ring pattern, the roots infected quickly spread to the stem, the plants eventually withered and died.
3. Pathogen: The pathogen of fusarium wilt is Fusavium Oxysporum f. sp dianthi Sny et Hans, belonging to the subgenus Fungi, subsporidia, schizophora, Nematodes, and Fusarium. It is the only pathogen that causes disease of vascular bundles of carnations. Germs generally produce conidia, and conidia have two types, namely large conidia and small conidia. Large conidiospores are thick, composed of several cells, slightly curved, sometimes sickle-shaped, slightly apically pointed, with thin spore walls; small conidia are small, ovoid to oblong, with 1-2 cells When the environment is unfavorable, the dying plant tissues and the diseased bodies in the soil can produce a large amount of chlamydospores, a small, round, thick-walled spore. According to the report of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou is the pathogen of carnations, F. dianth pr-ill et Del, and Professor Wei Jingchao of China has designated the name of the fungus as Fusarium kinensis. Cause carnation wilt disease. The pathogenic sub-stands are expanded, pale to purple-red, large conidia are stout, sickle-shaped, one end is straight, one end is slightly curved, and 3-5 diaphragms are colorless. Conidia with 3 membranes, 25-34.5 μm in size 3.8-4 μm, conidia of 5 membranes, size 444.3 μm; small conidia single cell, colorless, oval or oval, Size 5-9μm2-4μm; chlamydospore spherical, diameter of 6-11μm, endogenous or metaplastic; can produce sclerotia, diameter 0.5-2.0mm or 3-12mm.
According to Professor Yu Dazhao, Fusarium poce (Peck) Wr., F. avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc., and F. culmorum in F. arundinacea are found in China. There are three kinds of culmorum (WGSm.) Sacc]. They cause floral rot, root rot and stem rot of carnation. Fusarium precociousness is currently more serious on the carnations in Guilin, China.
4. Incidence of disease: Pathogens survive in diseased plant residues or in soil. The decay of roots or stems of diseased plants produces fruiting bodies and spores in a humid environment. The spores are transmitted through the splash of rain or water and irrigation water; they pass through the base of roots and stems. Or the cutting wounds invade and the bacteria enter the vascular system and gradually spread upward. The bacteria may colonize the vascular bundle system without symptoms. The study of the spread of pathogens in the host organisms showed that the spread of pathogens within the vascular bundles was unpleasant before symptoms appeared, but some reproductive materials obtained from susceptible mother plants may have occult parasitism. Therefore, reproductive materials are an important source of disease transmission, and contaminated soil is also one of the sources of transmission. Generally during the spring and summer season, if the soil temperature is high, the rain is continuous, and the soil water conditions, the disease will be serious. Excessive application of nitrogenous fertilizers and soils that are acidic in cultivation are conducive to the growth and infestation of pathogens and promote the occurrence and prevalence of diseases. Fusarium wilt in Guangzhou often occurs from April to June.
5. Control measures: Cuttings should be taken from healthy disease-free mother plants. It is best to establish disease-free female areas for mining.
The diseased plants were found to be removed and destroyed in time to reduce the accumulation of pathogens in the soil.
The soil or potting soil in the soil treatment nursery is contaminated and must be replaced or disinfected before use. Conditional greenhouses can be sterilized by steam. Foreign countries have used Weibaimu sodium, methyl bromide, etc. to fumigate the soil; 50% ketandan or 50% carbendazim 500 times water before planting, or 70% 500 grams of enemy cough, or 3% ferrous sulfate treatment of soil have control effect.
Biological control is a promising measure. In recent years, there have been many reports abroad, such as the United States before the planting with Metz (high-quality sandy clay fertilizer) applied to the soil at 600g/m2, can control the occurrence of carnation wilt disease, according to research, this kind of fine Sandy mud contains Pseudomonas putida (Trevisan) Migula, which has a scorpion effect on pathogenic bacteria and competes with iron for the purpose of preventing disease. Another method is to treat the soil with a type of bacteria (Chitinolytic sp.) to reduce the impact of the disease.
In addition, Phialophora cinerescens also causes carnation wilt disease. The fungus invades the plant through the wound, tiny apical roots and root hairs and enters the catheter, preventing the transport of water. The toxins produced by the germs damage the host's living tissue, causing the plants to wilt. The victimized organization has turned brown and there are no clear boundaries between diseased and healthy organizations. Plants can be infected at different stages of development. Control measures can be found in Fusarium wilt disease.
Carnation Wilt
1.Distribution and damage: Fusarium wilt is a common and serious disease of carnation. It has occurred in Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Hangzhou and other cities in China. Except Hangzhou, other cities have more serious damage. The disease is responsible for many species of carnations such as carnations, dianthus, and dianthus, causing plant death and death.