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Soilless culture related knowledge
The characteristics of soilless cultivation How to flower soilless cultivation, that is hydroponic culture, is to use a nutrient solution to cultivate flowering plants without using soil. Most hydroponic plants are used to fix plants, increase air content, and use sand, gravel, peat, and earthworms. Stones, perlite, pumice, fiberglass, rock wool, bark or sawdust are used as solid substrates, and then some nutrients needed for plant growth are added. It is also known as Shapei, gravel culture, peat culture, and pebble cultivation. Perlite, pumice, and sawdust. Soilless cultivation can eliminate the use of soil, so it has expanded the planting of flowers, such as deserts and rocky mountains, where windowsills, balconies, and roofs can be cultivated. If the roof is cultured without soil, the room temperature can also be reduced by 2-3 degrees in the summer. Soilless cultivation also has the advantage of saving water and fertilizers. Because of the loss of moisture in soil cultivation, water consumption is about 7 times larger than in soilless cultivation, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other nutrients are also easily fixed by soil. It is estimated that the loss of general nutrients is more than half, and soilless cultivation The loss is minimal, especially in closed cultivation, with little loss. Soilless cultivation of flowers, no weeds, no pests, clean and sanitary, easy to transport, sales, is also a good place for furnishings, due to leave the soil, so you can greatly reduce the amount of labor. Soilless cultivation of flowers due to good ventilation, adequate nutritional balance, growth and development of flower plants, and soil cultivation than its high yield and good quality. If the soilless cultivation of carnation is 2 months earlier than the soil planting, 4 flowers per plant will be opened, and the aroma will be rich, the flowering period will be long, and the quality of the top grade will be high. Soilless potted plants, compared with the soil planting, are obviously robust, orderly, green and dark in color, with large and large flowers, bright color and long flowering period. Types of soilless cultivation Soilless cultivation varies according to the type of substrate used: Sand culture method: sand, perlite, plastic or other inorganic substances with a diameter of less than 3 mm are used as a base, and nutrients are added to cultivate flowers. The method of plant. The gravel culture method uses a mixture of gravel, basalt, lava, plastic or other substances with a diameter of less than 3 mm as a substrate and a nutrient solution to cultivate flower plants. Hydroponics: It is the earliest method used in soilless cultivation. It is a cultivation method in which the root of a flower is continuously or discontinuously immersed in a nutrient solution. The nutrient solution flowed in the cultivation tank to increase the air content. Usually have 10-15 cm deep nutrient solution. Sawdust: Medium sawn sawdust or fine sawdust with an appropriate proportion of shavings. Sawdust with yellow fir and hemlock is good, and some cypress sawdust is poisonous and cannot be used. The cultivation beds can be constructed of coarse cedar plates, with inner black polyethylene film as the lining, a bed width of about 60 cm, a depth of about 25-30 cm, and drainage pipes on the bed. Sawdust can also be used in film bags with sawdust, with drainage holes at the bottom, and 1-3 flower plants can be grown depending on the size of the bag. Sawdust cultivation generally uses drip irrigation to supply plant moisture and nutrients. Spray culture method: The root of the flower crop is hung in the air of the cultivation tank, and the root nutrition and moisture are supplied by spraying. In this way, nutrition and moisture can be greatly saved, and at the same time, the oxygen supply of the root system is good, which favors the development of the root system. However, the requirements for spraying are high and the fog must be fine and uniform. In addition, the temperature of the root system is affected by the temperature and it is difficult to control. Soilless cultivation types Soilless cultivation can be divided into two categories, one is a substrate-free cultivation and the other is a substrate cultivation. Groove cultivation trough: Groove culture on the ground floor, with brick, cement or wood and other materials made of relatively fixed cultivation trough. The wooden trough is covered with a layer of plastic film, and the fireproof resin is coated in the brick or cement trough to prevent leakage of nutrient solution. Then, the mixed matrix is ​​loaded, and the vegetables are planted on the substrate in single or double rows. The drip irrigation belt conveys and irrigates the nutrient solution to meet the requirements of the nutrient elements of the vegetables. The size of the cultivation tank is determined by the type of cultivation vegetables and the drip irrigation equipment conditions. Groove Culture Substrates: There are many kinds of trough culture substrates, of which the mixed matrix of peat and vermiculite is more suitable. Peat has been air-dried during transport and may form large chunks that need to be crushed into 1-5 mm fibrous or lump-like particles. The vermiculite used for horticulture is also granular and is used in diameters of 1-5 mm and 5.8 mm, respectively. Before the matrix was mixed, the pH, conductance, and main nutrient elements were measured. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were determined by peat, and the contents of potassium and magnesium were determined by vermiculite. The mixed matrix used in the production was 388 liters of peat and 388 liters of vermiculite. The mixture was composed of 4540 g of limestone powder, 908 g of superphosphate (20% P2O5), and potassium nitrate (14-0-44). Phosphorus and potassium content, the same below) 454 grams, chelated iron (10% Fe) 28 grams, boric acid (17.48%) 23 grams. Potassium nitrate and chelated iron need to be opened with hot water and poured into the matrix. Limestone powder and calcium superphosphate need to be crushed and mixed into the matrix. In order to prevent the change of inorganic properties, the uniformly mixed matrix is ​​immediately loaded into the tank and the crop is planted in time. The prospect of soilless cultivation How to use soilless cultivation is suitable for horticulture, which has the characteristics of promoting early maturing and high yielding of vegetables, facilitating the cultivation of space layout, reducing the number of production laborers, and saving water resources. It is worth mentioning that solar greenhouses, warming greenhouses and plastic greenhouses are dominant in the installation of horticulture, and their vegetable cultivation process is often caused by a variety of soil-borne diseases and the destruction of underground pests. The substrates used in soilless cultivation have been specially treated, basically without source of disease and insects, and at the same time, they are isolated from the ground and are conducive to the control of soil-borne diseases and pests. The production of pollution-free vegetables has caused the production and research departments. Wide attention. At present, more than 20 provinces and cities in the country have carried out research on soilless cultivation techniques and started production practices in some places. This will be a huge potential force for greenhouse vegetable production, and it has broad prospects.