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Prevention and treatment technology of beef cattle toxic diseases
(a) Organophosphate poisoning. Organophosphorus pesticides mainly include dichlorvos, dimethoate and trichlorfon. 1. Symptoms: Sudden onset, first excitement, muscle tremors, pupil diminution, post-psychosis, runny nose, mouth foaming, diarrhea, secretions sometimes mixed with mucus or bloodshot, garlicy. The body sweated, his heart beat, his pulse speed increased, his breathing was difficult, and he finally died of paralysis in the respiratory center. The autopsy showed gastrointestinal mucosal bleeding, congestion, easy dissection, myocardial hemorrhage, hepatosplenomegaly, pulmonary congestion, hemorrhage, edema, and emphysema. 2. Prevention and cure: (1) Immediately implement special effects detoxification. The commonly used special antidote is pralidoxime and clofloxacin. The dosage is 10-30 mg/kg body weight, and the normal saline solution is 2.5%-5% solution. , after every 2-3 hours injection until the symptoms are relieved. In the application of these drugs, combined with the use of atropine sulfate, two-pronged approach, the effect is better, the amount of 0.25 mg / kg body weight, subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, once every 1-2 hours once. (2) Infected with skin, use 5% lime water, 0.5% sodium hydroxide or soapy water to wash the skin; if digestive tract poisoning, use 2% -3% sodium bicarbonate or saline to gastric lavage, and irrigating 200-300 grams of activated carbon. However, trichlorfon poisoning can not be washed with alkaline water, can only be washed with salt water. (b) Urea poisoning. Essentially ammonia poisoning. Suddenly feeding or feeding urea is too large, so that the body's blood ammonia concentration increases and causes ammonia poisoning. 1. Symptoms: Large amounts of runny nose, rumen build up, rumination, mydriasis, sweating. Repeated occurrence of ankylosing cramps, closed jaws, opisthotonos, and uneven skin temperature. Breathing difficulties, rapid heartbeat, fast and weak pulse. Defecation incontinence, suffocation died. 2. Prevention: 1000-3000 ml of vinegar orally, 300-500 ml of 10% calcium gluconate, 500 ml of 25% glucose solution. Rumen puncture can be done if necessary (not too fast). (c) Nitrite poisoning. Mostly caused by ingestion of rotten or processed improperly prepared green feed. 1. Symptoms: The onset is fast, and the onset can occur within half an hour after eating. Sudden body, mouth foaming, bloating, difficulty breathing, standing unsteady. Visible mucosal cyanosis, quickly turned blue-purple, rapid pulse, dilated pupils, increased frequency of urination. The necropsy showed black red blood, poor coagulation, and bright red after encountering air. 2. Prevention: (1) Elimination of pathogens, rapid intravenous injection of 1% - 2% of methylene blue solution, 1 ml/kg of body weight. (2) intravenous or intramuscular injection of 5% toluidine blue, 0.5 ml/kg body weight. (3) If there is no such drug, intravenous injection of 25% - 50% glucose 500 ml, 5% vitamin C 40 - 100 ml. (d) Hydrocyanic acid poisoning. Primarily caused by ingestion of certain plants, such as sorghum, corn seedlings or two seedlings. 1. Symptoms: Sudden onset, restlessness, difficulty breathing, redness of the mucous membranes, runny nose, and rapid respiratory depression. Muscle tremors, body temperature drops, dilated pupils, paroxysmal convulsions, and finally death due to respiratory center paralysis. At the time of the necropsy, the body was not corrupted for a long time and the blood coagulation was poor, showing a bright red color. 2. Control: Immediately use 10% sodium nitrite 20 ml, 10%-25% glucose 200-500 ml slow intravenous injection, and then use 5% -10% sodium thiosulfate 30-50 ml intravenously. It should also be injected with cardiac stimulants, vitamin C, and glucose. (e) Cottonseed cake poisoning. Long-term, large-scale feeding of cottonseed cake containing more gossypol can cause poisoning. Chronic poisoning is associated with calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders and vitamin A deficiency. 1, symptoms: acute poisoning was ruminal food symptoms. Dehydration, acidosis and gastroenteritis, less urine, fecal rare blood; chronic poisoning is reduced appetite, urinary frequency or urine closure, often secondary to respiratory infections, hepatitis and jaundice, night blindness and dry eye. Anatomy can be seen in the digestive tract, liver, myocardium and lung congestion, bleeding, degeneration, swelling and other diseases. 2, control: (1) 5% glucose saline or compound sodium chloride solution 2000-5000 ml, 5% sodium bicarbonate 500 ml or 11.2% sodium lactate 200-400 ml, mixed intravenous injection, use 2-3 times. (2) gastric lavage with normal water or saline. (6) Arsenic poisoning. Mostly caused by ingestion of arsenic-containing pesticides or feeding of arsenic-contaminated feedstuffs and drinking water. 1. Symptoms: (1) Acute poisoning: Sudden onset of illness soon after eating, mainly with severe gastroenteritis and peritonitis symptoms. At the same time, there are neurological symptoms. The diseased cattle convulsed and died within a few hours. (2) Subacute poisoning: The condition continues for 2-7 days, and gastroenteritis is still the main symptom in clinic. Painful swelling or purulent inflammation occurs behind the sphenoid cartilage and eventually coma and die. (3) Chronic poisoning: The spirit is depressed, the hair is rough and disorderly, shedding, there is garlic odor, diarrhea, abdominal pain, continuous diarrhea, and sensory nerve palsy. (4) The body does not rot for a long time. 2, prevention and treatment: application of special antidote, exclude gastrointestinal contents, symptomatic treatment. (1) Intramuscular injection of dithiopropanol (BAL) injection, the first dose of 5 mg/kg body weight, followed by intramuscular injection once every 4 hours, half the dose, until cured. At the same time intravenous injection of 10% -20% sodium thiosulfate 300 ml. (2) Repeated gastric lavage with warm water or 2% magnesium chloride solution, and then 2-3 grams of milk or egg water, and later laxative laxatives. (3) Perform symptomatic therapies such as rehydration, cardiac stimulation, liver protection, and diuresis. (7) Lead poisoning. Caused by ingestion of lead-containing paints, pesticides, and forage feeds and drinking water contaminated with lead-containing waste water. 1. Symptoms: Symptoms of gastrointestinal symptoms such as runny nose, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, as well as neurological symptoms (lead brain disease) such as irritability, hyperesthesia, muscle tremors, spasms, and paralysis. Yak cows are more common with lead brain symptoms, and adult cows have more prominent gastrointestinal symptoms. 2. Prevention: (1) Implementation of emergency measures such as vomiting, gastric lavage, and laxative. Magnesium or sodium sulfate solution can be used to gavage. (2) intravenous injection of calcium disodium edetate or calcium silicate, a dose of 110 mg / kg body weight, soluble in glucose 100-500 ml of normal saline, 2 times a day, 4 days for a course of treatment. China Agricultural Network Editor