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Cooling in summer and autumn does not require excessive energy consumption. In winter, it requires energy consumption to heat the barn. In winter, two issues must be resolved in order to provide the right environment for animals and staff in closed livestock houses. The first and most important is to maintain a healthy and healthy environment. Second, it is to save energy and reduce costs. To solve these two problems, it is required that the barn has good thermal insulation performance in order to improve the efficiency of energy use, and also to effectively control the ventilation system in order to minimize the loss of energy.
Pigs in cold areas need to be kept in closed pig houses. Closed pigs produce heat, moisture, harmful gases and dust during the production process. The heat comes from the animal's growth, metabolic processes, equipment, and sunlight into the pig house. Moisture comes from the animals breathing, when they drink, and when they evaporate. Harmful gas comes from feces, dirty fields. Dust comes from animal dander, dry dung and feed. In order to provide a healthy environment for domestic pigs and staff, it is necessary to dilute these substances and discharge them from piggery. The purpose of ventilation is to control the concentration of these substances in the air in the house.
To achieve the best environmental conditions at the lowest cost, it is necessary to examine the heat loss of the enclosure structure such as the walls, floors, and ceiling of the pig house. Need to maintain a good barn, to avoid heat loss through the doors and windows. Tape can be used to seal outdoor doors, cracks and leaks in the walls must be blocked. It is also necessary to monitor the thermal insulation of the walls to prevent the destruction of building materials by rodents. At least 30% of the heat loss occurs through the enclosure structure.
In order to maintain a good environment, it is necessary to correctly set the ventilation rate and remove the moisture, harmful gases and other harmful substances from the air in the house. Ventilation rate also directly affects the insulation performance of the pig house itself and is an important part of controlling the temperature. A good balance should be achieved between ventilation and heat preservation, both to discharge hazardous substances, to minimize heat loss, and to maintain adequate temperature. During the cold season, the heat loss caused by the ventilation process accounts for 70% of the total heat loss.
Work should be stepped up in feeding, management, and maintenance. Through good management, the environment in the home can be maximized, and the requirements for ventilation can be reduced, thus saving energy. Repair all leaking lines and drinking fountains to reduce the humidity in the house. Air intakes and ventilation ducts should be properly configured so that the pigs can form good defecation habits, and the fields are regularly cleaned, which can reduce the evaporation of water in the feces and urine. The timely cleaning of the field also reduces ammonia levels. Ammonia is the product of the degradation of fecal and urinary nitrogen compounds. Hydrogen sulfide is released during the cleaning of the faeces. Only in this case can ventilation be properly enhanced to reduce the concentration of hydrogen sulfide. The number of feed operations should be minimized to avoid disturbing the pigs in order to reduce the level of dust in the air. Workers should also be provided with the necessary safety protection equipment, including dust masks, goggles, and anti-noise ear plugs.
In order to ensure good ventilation in winter, ventilation equipment needs regular maintenance. To clean the fan regularly, make sure that the fan is working properly every day. When the cold season arrives, fans must be installed on all fans. The fan guard should be regularly maintained to ensure its thermal insulation and prevent it from leaking into the wind. Make sure that the baffles of all the exhaust fans are working properly. In this way, when the wind pressure appears outside, the fans can still work as usual and will not affect the exhaust. The adjustment of the air intake is also very important. The air intake opening size should be set according to the minimum ventilation standard to avoid excessive cold air entering the pig house and causing unnecessary energy consumption. The inlet control system and actuators should be monitored at all times to ensure that they are working properly. The heating equipment should also be regularly checked and maintained. Corrosion of relay contacts is a common cause of failures. Clean up in time and keep the gas heater igniter clean.
Ventilation system design and installation still need to be properly managed and regularly maintained. It is recommended that specific operations and maintenance procedures be formulated for each season to ensure that the ventilation system can perform the following adjustment functions:
Set Temperature Cold Season Control Minimum Ventilation Settings Fan Operation Schedule Air Intake Adjustment Humidity Control Odor and Dust Control
Preparation for pig production in winter and spring in cold regions
In cold regions, the temperature fluctuations in late autumn increase, and the temperature begins to decline until the winter. This requires us to make appropriate adjustments to the ventilation of the pig house. Ventilation procedures must ensure adequate supply of fresh air while maintaining proper indoor temperature.