China Quality News (Reporter Wang Jia) Recently, news from the New Zealand Ministry of Primary Industry (MPI) stated that in routine shellfish poisoning inspections, paralytic shellfish toxins in some parts of the country have been found to be as high as 1.8 mg/kg, exceeding MPI settings. The safety limit of 0.8mg/kg. MPI immediately issued public health warnings and advised the public not to collect or consume bivalve molluscs from the region. What is a paralytic shellfish toxin? What are the standards for domestic and foreign standards? How to protect consumers?

Recently, the Food and Drug Administration organized experts to scientifically interpret the paralytic shellfish poisons.

Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) does not come from the shellfish itself, but it is a red tide biotoxin with the neuromuscular paralysis effect that shellfish ingests toxic algae and accumulates in the body, enlarges and transforms. . If the human body eats shellfish containing such toxins, it will cause paralytic poisoning, so this toxin is also known as paralytic shellfish toxin.

PSP is composed of saxitoxin (STX) and its derivatives, and 23 kinds of toxins have been found. This toxin mainly comes from toxic red tide dinoflagellates in seawater, mainly Alexandrium, in addition to a variety of dinoflagellates, cyanobacteria, and bacteria symbiotic with algae. Humans often ingest poisoning by eating PSP shellfish (eg oysters, oysters, scallops, etc.). According to statistics, there are about 2,000 poisoning incidents caused by PSP in the world each year, and the mortality rate is 15%. It is reported that PSP is one of the most common toxins in marine red tide toxins in China. It accounts for about 87% of the poisoning events caused by algae toxins. The mechanism of poisoning is mainly to block the sodium channels of cells, resulting in transmission disorders of the nervous system and paralysis.

Experts said that the ingestion of this toxin by shellfish is not harmful to itself, because toxins are bound in shellfish. The toxin is stable to heat and easily absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. It is difficult to be destroyed by human digestive enzymes. Therefore, once eaten, it releases quickly and shows toxic effects, causing neuromuscular paralysis in the human body. Lips and tingling in the lips occur in the light. Symptoms, limb paralysis, and other symptoms, severe cases can lead to respiratory muscle paralysis and death.

At present, there is no special detoxification method for PSP poisoning, mainly relying on the patient's own detoxification and detoxification functions to decompose and eliminate poisons.

According to experts, many countries around the world and relevant international organizations have rigorously managed and controlled the production of shellfish aquatic products, and have formulated PSP limit standards for shellfish aquatic products and their products. STX is the detection index of PSP in shellfish products in most countries in China and internationally. The World Health Organization (WHO) stipulates that the PSP limit for edible parts of 100g shellfish is 80μg STX eq/100g. The current level of control in most countries is 80 μg STX eq/100g. However, in order to improve the food safety of shellfish products, the European Union and other international organizations have proposed to further reduce the maximum limit of edible shellfish PSP.

Therefore, experts suggest that, first of all, regulators should strengthen the monitoring and supervision of paralytic shellfish toxins. Establish a sound PSP monitoring and management system, and effectively monitor and control this type of toxin through the closure or opening up of shellfish harvesting and marketing. Secondly, we should use the role of media propaganda to increase consumer awareness of prevention. Enhancing consumer education through the media is another important aspect of preventing PSP poisoning. During the peak season of shellfish poisoning, the media should disseminate the knowledge related to this toxin in a timely manner to raise public awareness of prevention. In addition, consumers need to purchase aquatic products through formal channels. It is recommended that consumers choose to go to large, regular supermarkets or markets to purchase aquatic products such as shellfish. Consumers in coastal areas do not collect and purchase wild shellfish during peak toxin outbreaks.

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