In recent years, some vegetable field nematodes have been dealt with more than once and there has been a problem of pest control. So how can we do scientific control of nematodes?

A comprehensive understanding of nematodes

Nematodes are one of the diseases that have become more and more serious in recent years, and the harm of nematodes is quite regional. Because of non-standard agricultural practices, the disease has become increasingly serious, and even very few villages or sheds have seen “years.” The type of greenhouses, sheds wired worms phenomenon. The disease is a worldwide pest, generally 20% to 30% of the damage can be reduced greenhouse production, severe greenhouse production reduction can reach 60%, or even out of production, the degree of harm is quite serious.

In the process of prevention and control, many farmers have shown that it is more difficult to control and the control effect is not ideal. According to the current situation of prevention and control, there are mainly the following problems.

First of all, we must correctly understand nematodes. The nematode pathogen is an animal belonging to the genus Nematoda, which is a nematode of the nematode Nematoda, but the common people are generally called "nematode" because the symptoms caused by nematodes are the same as the symptoms of plant diseases ( The above-ground plants are short and thin, with slow growth, late flowering, or small fruit.

There are more than 3,000 nematode species that can cause harm. The major nematode species are Nematode of the south, Javanese nematodes, and others. With the large-scale transfer of vegetables in recent years, the damage zone of nematodes has gradually expanded, leading to the situation that everyone can now see (“a kind of greenhouse, a shedworm”). The temperature and humidity environment of the northern greenhouse is basically the same as that of the south, enabling the nematode to adapt quickly to the northern environment and expand the scope of the hazard.

The nematode mainly survives adults and eggs on the remnants of diseased plants or larvae in the soil. It can survive for 3 years without host conditions. In relatively good conditions, eggs can form first-instar larvae within a few hours. The second-instar larvae are very active and invade from the young roots of host plants. The saliva secreted by the oral needles induces excessive enlargement of the infected cells and forms root nodules. After mating with male and female adults, eggs are laid in the keratinous oocyst at the back of the parasite, and the number can reach 100-300 capsules. After the next growing season, the eggs in the oocysts can hatch and develop. After the second age, they leave the soil and enter the soil to infect again.

The suitable temperature condition for adults is 25°C-30°C. When the temperature is higher than 55°C or lower than 5°C, the adult activity is weakened. At 27°C, nematodes need 25-30 days to complete a generation, and 5-8 generations a year. When the temperature in spring is low, the incidence of nematode disease is late, light, and slow. One month after planting, only sporadic disease plants can be seen; in autumn, when the temperature is high, the onset is early, severe and rapid, and the disease can be developed 11 days after planting. .

Nematodes are mainly distributed in 5-30 cm soil, but some people even discovered nematodes in 50 cm soil, which increases the difficulty of control. The suitable pH condition of C. elegans is 4-5.5. Due to the unreasonable planting methods (large amount of sulfate chemical fertilizer and large amount of chicken manure) exist in vegetables, the degree of soil salinization and acidification is serious, which reduces the roots of crop plants. The resilience has created a suitable pH environment for nematodes. The nematode is suitable for survival and reproduction at an ambient temperature of 25°C-30°C, which is the same as the optimum temperature for the growth of vegetables, and can be used as a hazard during the whole growth period of vegetables.

Second, prevention and control of new ideas

1. Governance is important, and prevention is fundamental.

2. Root-knot nematodes cannot be eradicated.

Many vegetable farmers in the process of controlling pests and diseases are just trying to understand what kind of medicine they can use to cure such diseases or insects. The emphasis is on how to treat them. This kind of prevention and control point of view is that most agricultural farmers exist, but do not think about how to avoid the occurrence of pests and diseases, what kind of agricultural operations should be done before the occurrence of pests and diseases, cut off the spread of pests and diseases, and consciously worsen the worms The conditions of survival and reproduction, thereby reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases. Especially in the process of controlling insects, we should pay more attention to the important role of “prevention” and attach importance to every small agricultural operation (by seedlings, string sheds, and rotary cultivators).

Root nematodes cannot be eradicated completely. Early prevention, early detection and early treatment should be done in accordance with actual planting conditions. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be used comprehensively to carry out comprehensive prevention and control, especially paying attention to the comprehensive use of agriculture and physical measures to reduce input costs, and chemistry. Combine prevention and control to enhance control effectiveness.

It is particularly worth noting that in the selection of chemical agents, high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides should be used, such as Jianzhibao (inhibitory type), nematode biquads, Kekedan, etc., to avoid the use of highly toxic pesticides. As soon as possible to achieve pollution-free vegetable planting and standardization.

Special Note

1, nematodes can be transmitted through various channels, but in the old areas of vegetable cultivation its main means of transmission is through unreasonable agricultural practices (string shed, borrow seedlings, disposable discarded diseased residues, application of unfamed organic fertilizer, heavy use Fertilizer caused deterioration of the soil environment, etc.), which expanded the spread of nematodes and aggravated the degree of damage.

2, to avoid the use of high toxicity poison agent. Highly virulent killing agents are generally highly toxic and highly residual pesticides, which can cause residual contamination of vegetables, have a great impact on human health, do not meet the requirements of vegetable production without pollution, and are highly toxic The use of the process, causing greater losses. And due to the special environmental conditions of nematode survival, the control effect of the highly toxic nematicicide is not ideal, and the use of highly toxic and highly toxic agents is not worth the benefit.

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