Newborn piglets have less nutrient storage, body fat content is only 2% of body weight, glycogen storage in the body is very limited, and 50% of suckling piglets die within 3 days of first birth. Therefore, in order to guarantee the health and rapid growth of piglets, it must be as soon as possible. Give the piglets enough nutrition. Breast milk is the basis for growth and development of piglets. The role of pig milk is not limited to the provision of piglet nutrition. Pig milk is rich in immunoglobulins and can provide passive immunity against pathogenic bacteria. Breast milk also contains a large amount of biologically active substances that help piglets. The gastrointestinal tract matures and develops into a healthy microflora.

I. Nutrient composition of breast milk

Proteins: Breast milk contains two main proteins: casein and whey protein, whey protein mainly provides immunonutrition: IgG, IgA and IgM, while casein is mainly the main source of amino acids. The protein contained in breast milk is highly digestible in piglets.

Fat: The amount of fat in breastmilk is affected by the individual differences between pig breeds and the amount of fat in sows' diets. Pettigrew points out that raising a certain amount of fat intake in the first two weeks before farrowing can increase the vitality of the piglets they produce. , while increasing the fat content in breast milk. The main fatty acids contained in breast milk are palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and a small amount of short-chain fatty acids.

Lactose: Swine milk usually contains about 5% of lactose, traces of glucose, fructose, galactose, and other carbohydrates. The ability of sows to synthesize lactose is a major limiting factor in lactation, and lactose in breast milk is not genetically manipulated by the amount of nutrients.

Vitamins: Breast milk is the best source of vitamin D, but also contains a lot of vitamins C, B, etc., and the vitamin content in breast milk will continue to decrease with the prolongation of lactation.

Minerals: Breast milk is rich in calcium, phosphorus and other substances, but the lack of iron in breast milk requires the supplementation of iron in the pre-lactation period.

Other Active Ingredients: Breast milk promotes gastrointestinal immunity, fights pathogenic microorganisms and provides enteral nutrition. At the same time, milk affects the gastrointestinal microorganisms and can help the piglets form a healthy microflora. Breast milk also contains a variety of peptides, hormones and enzymes that can promote the maturation of the digestive system, regulate intestinal microflora, and induce the secretion of hormones and peptides in the gut.

Second, the impact of breast milk on newborn piglets

Colostrum can provide piglets with enough energy to maintain heat balance, provide immunoglobulins and have extremely high immune function. Coalson and Leoce reported that as long as newborn piglets can eat 40-60 g of immunoglobulin-rich colostrum within 1 h after birth, they can gain sufficient passive immunity. In addition to antibody IgA involved in intestinal mucosal immunity can be obtained from the exogenous pathway, the remaining maternal antibodies must be obtained from colostrum, so the antibody level in breast milk directly affects the immune ability of piglets.

Colostrum contains two types of immune cells: one is phagocytic cells, including neutrophils, and the other is lymphocytes, of which B and T cells each account for half. Studies have shown that lymphocytes in colostrum can be transmitted from the intestine to the piglets via the lymphatic vessels and transported to the mesenteric lymph nodes, which can enhance the immunity of piglets. ConA is a T cell stimulant, and breast milk can stimulate T cell activity by increasing the concentration of ConA.

The energy level in breast milk directly affects the growth of newborn piglets. The nutrient uptake of piglets affects the growth by affecting the expression of GH receptor genes and IGF-I genes. The lack of protein or energy can cause a decrease in growth rate and plasma IGF-I. . The decrease in energy supply causes the growth of newborn piglets to be slow and also reduces the expression of GH receptor genes in the liver of piglets. The state of GH determines the conversion rate of protein components in piglets.

Third, to improve the maternal mother antibody measures

In general, immunization prior to sow production can promote higher antibody levels in the milk, so immunization of sows or young sows in late pregnancy can provoke antibody levels, such as E. coli, para-pig. Immunization of pathogenic bacteria such as blood bacilli and streptococcus When it comes to childbirth, large amounts of antibodies enter the milk. Studies have shown that colostrum antibody titers are more than three times normal serum antibody titer, which is sufficient to ensure that piglets obtain high levels of maternal antibodies from colostrum to prevent early infection. In the nursery period, piglets are protected by immune enhancers and antibiotics, and these diseases rarely occur after the finishing period. This will not only prevent the occurrence of disease, but also avoid the "immunity pain" of piglets.

The health status of sows during immunization is very important for raising maternal antibody levels, and it is necessary to implement all-round health measures for sows. Compared to the so-called health-care method for adding antibiotics to sow diets, the current diet for sows is currently It is more scientific to add disease-resistant nutrients. Zhu Zhongping, in the study of the use of disease-resistant nutrition to replace prenatal and postnatal antibiotics in sows, concluded that the addition of disease-resistant nutrients such as Jianliyuan and Runshengkang to sow diets can significantly increase maternal antibodies and Non-antibody biological activity species and levels.

Within 6 hours after birth, it is the prime time for piglets to ingest colostrum. Therefore, it is an important guarantee for piglets to obtain maternal antibodies by implementing piglet early eating and eating colostrum.

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