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Characteristics and management measures of fertility during the summer of peanut seeding
In summer sowing peanuts, there are problems of short growth period and insufficient effective accumulated temperature. In management measures, we must adhere to the principle of “early and promptâ€, especially before this year's wheat, the rainfall is earlier and the amount is larger, and most regions and farmers suffer from Early and early adoption of wheat hull intercropping, combined with the effects of continuous rain and low-temperature fog, has resulted in serious shortage of seedlings in some plots. Such peanuts need early management to promote early-onset fate in order to obtain a better harvest. Flower growth characteristics and requirements: In the flowering period is the flowering to young fruit expansion, during this period, roots, stems, leaves, branches of vegetative growth faster, and a large number of flowering needles, the demand for water, human nutrition and nutrients urgent About 30% of the total growth period. Peanut has no inflorescence, long flowering period, daily average flowering temperature is 23°C~28°C, 80～200 flowering plants per plant, low temperature, low light, drought or soil moisture will affect the normal flowering needles. Therefore, 30 to 60% of the flowers often fail to be fertilized due to adverse factors, or suffer from fertilization and fruit spikes, but due to unfavorable temperatures, the fruit does not normally expand and mature. 15 to 25% of flower fertilization inflated, forming an ideal capsule and yield. Peanuts usually take 60-80 days from flowering to maturity. Among them, fertilization is completed 10-18 hours after flowering, and fruit needles are formed 4-6 hours later. 20-30 days after fruit needle insertion is the fruit expansion period, and 50-60 days dry weight increases. Stopped, the seed coat became thin, and the peel hardened. From the point of view of the results, most of the first and second pairs of lateral branches depend on the main stem and each node, accounting for about 60 to 70. Therefore, in this period, strengthen management, meet the needs of growth and development, make it more flowering, and promote fruit needles. Going into the soil and fighting for more ideals are especially important. Main management measures 1. Early fertilizer, the implementation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium with the use. The nutrients stored inside the peanut seeds are almost exhausted 7-10 days after emergence. At this time, the roots and root nodules not only cannot provide the nutrients needed for growth and development in time, but also need to absorb certain nutrients for rhizobia to multiply, and the seedling itself In addition, roots and leaves, differentiation of flower buds, and so on, all require the supply of nutrients in order to meet the needs of the growth and development of peanuts. For this reason, peanuts are the critical line of fertilizer before flowering. After the wheat harvest, we must seize the time and kill the top dressing. The sooner the better. When fertilizing, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium must be used in combination with trace elements. Generally, 7-8 kg of urea, 30-50 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 8-12 kg of potassium fertilizer, 50-60 kg of calcium fertilizer, and other trace elements should be followed per mu. For explanation instructions. 2. Cultivating earth. The cultivator not only removes weeds, removes compaction, loosens soil, increases air permeability, protects against drought, and protects the soil. Moreover, soil water, fertilizer, gas, and thermal conditions are comprehensively improved, which is conducive to soil microbial activity and improves fertilizer utilization. Timely earthing can shorten the distance between the fruit needle and the ground, which is beneficial to the lowering of the fruit needle, increasing the soil penetration rate of the fruit needle and increasing the yield in the later period. It is not too early or too late to cultivate soil, and it is usually carried out about 20 days after flowering or when the line is closed. You can use a hammer to pull the ditch in the wide row and plant the soil around the plant. 3. Timely watering. Although peanuts are drought-tolerant crops, they are during flowering. Stems and leaves grow fast. The formation of many flower needles and the continuous formation of pods, combined with high temperatures and evaporation, are the most demanding periods in the life of peanuts. The appropriate soil moisture content is 60-70% of the field water holding capacity. When the soil moisture drops to the soil, At 50% of the water volume, the flowering amount is significantly reduced. When the soil moisture is seriously insufficient, the flowering gradually stops. The soiled fruit needles cannot expand in dry soil and the young fruit growth is slow. Therefore, when the soil moisture content is insufficient, it must be timely. Watering. 4. Timely prevention of pests and diseases. Peanut common diseases mainly include leaf spot, bacterial wilt, stalk rot, root rot, and rust. The main insect pests are locusts, red spider mites, cockroaches, cockroaches, Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera exigua, and cotton bollworms. In the past 1~2 years, the occurrence of Helicoverpa armigera in Tongxu has caused a great degree of harm. If it is not prevented and controlled in time, it will lead to an unacceptable harvest, and it can be used to prevent and control the disease. The effect is better. When earthworms and earthworms can be combined with earth, 25 kg of 0.25 kg of methamidophos or phoxim is sprinkled on the base of the peanut tree, and other pests can be controlled by conventional insecticides. In addition, in the case of excessively high soil moisture content in rainy conditions, iron deficiency yellow leaf disease can be used to control 100-150 g of ferrous sulfate and 15-20 kg of water.