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Feeding management and health care for bred pigs
I. Rearing and management of rearing pigs (1) Physiological characteristics of reared piglets Rearing piglets refers to piglets raised in rearing rooms after weaning, that is, from the time of leaving the farrowing room to the time of moving out of rearing rooms, which is generally between 35 and 70 days of age. Between 35 days in the breeding room. The physiological characteristics of bred piglets are: 1. Poor cold resistance: Once the piglet has left the warm delivery room and the sow, it needs an adaptation process, especially sensitive to temperature, if it lives in the environment below 18°C ​​for a long time. Not only affects its growth and development, but also induces a variety of diseases. 2, rapid growth and development: during this period the piglets have particularly strong appetite, often show the phenomenon of sniffing and bulimia, known as the piglet's vigorous food period, if the breeding and management practices, piglets grow rapidly, between 40-60 days of age weight Can be increased by 1 times, otherwise prone to diarrhea, edema, paratyphoid and other diseases. 3, high susceptibility to diseases: due to weaning lost the protection of maternal antibodies, and their own active immunity is not established or not sound, are very susceptible to infectious gastroenteritis, atrophic rhinitis and other diseases, Some vertical infectious diseases such as swine fever, swine pseudorabies, etc. may also be outbreaks during this period. Work Points: Various methods have been adopted to reduce the piglet's stress in transition, and the performance of pigs in this section and their economic benefits have been improved from the aspects of overfeeding, pig management, environmental control, and vaccination. (B): Preparation for breeding before rounding off pigs: After the last batch of piglets in this unit is transferred out, the unit should be thoroughly cleaned in time (remove all “dangerous†items that are not necessarily present and may cause harm to the pigs) , Flushing (including bins, gauze beds, sills, fans, ceilings, floors, and all kinds of utensils to wash to see the original color), disinfection (in line with a clear, second flush, three elimination, four repairs, five smoked, six empty The principle of "seven elimination and eight-sweeping pigs" is to completely purify and sterilize. After a week's empty room cleaning, the interior environment (temperature, humidity, etc.) is adjusted to prepare for the milking pigs. (III) Work after transferring piglets into rearing rooms 1. Reasonable grouping: In order to improve the uniform uniformity of piglets and ensure the smooth operation of the "all-in, all-out" technological process, the transfer of piglets begins based on their species, male and female. , physical fitness, etc. to conduct a reasonable group, and pay attention to observation, in order to reduce the occurrence of piglet fighting, for the individual sick and weak pigs as long as the individual feeding special care. 2. Hygienic positioning: From the day the piglet is transferred in, the hygienic positioning work should be strengthened (this work is usually completed within 1-3 days of the piglet, the sooner the better), so that each bar has formed a drinking area and rests. The three districts of the district and the defecation area are positioned to create conditions for maintaining the environment and herd management. 3. Environmental Control: Pay attention to ventilation and heat preservation. The room temperature of breeding rooms is generally controlled at 22-28oC and the humidity is controlled at 60-65%. Because the number of pigs in the nursery is high and the density is high, it can often produce a lot of harmful in the cold season. Gases (ammonia, carbon dioxide, etc.) Therefore, ventilation should be done at the same time as heat preservation, and harmful gases should be eliminated to provide a more comfortable living environment for pigs. 4. Overfeeding: 4.1 In order to reduce the stress of piglets caused by overfeeding, it is recommended to use the following scheme for overfeeding: piglets are fed (8199) 1-7 days after the piglets are transferred; the pellets are fed for 8-9 days. Material: piglet material = 2:1; 10-11 days feed pellets: piglet feed = 1:1; 12-14 days feed pellets: piglet feed = 1:2; 14 days later feed all piglets. In the production, it can be flexibly controlled according to the overall situation of the pigs. For the sick and the weak pigs, the time for overfeeding the feed or feed for the pigs can be appropriately extended, and for the piglets with large and strong swarms, the opposite can be said. This can regulate production costs and increase production efficiency. 4.2 In the first week of entering the breeding room, the piglets should be restricted by feeding materials and eat only 78% of their satiety so that the piglets have hunger and hunger. This will not only enhance digestion, but also maintain a strong appetite. Can effectively prevent the occurrence of edema and diarrheal diseases. High-quality full-priced feeds are required for bred piglets. 4.3 Reasonable feeding: According to the actual condition of the herd, add growth-promoting or antibacterial drugs as appropriate in the feed. Drug prevention work. In addition, during the breeding process, proper cleanliness should be carried out according to the actual situation to ensure the quality of the feed in the feed trough. 5, vaccination: According to the immunization program to do a timely and accurate immunization work, so that the injection site of the disinfection is accurate, and the dose of immunity should be enough, a pig a needle, head injection, operation specifications to ensure the immune effect. II. Health Care for bred pigs Under the basic premise of “prevention firstâ€, in line with the principle of “prevention as the main and treatment as the supplementâ€, the following health prevention work is performed for bred pigs: (1) Health goal: A. : Reduces stress during weaning. B: Enhance the body's immunity and improve the survival rate. C: Prevention of polysystemic exhaustion syndrome after weaning. D: Prevention of diarrhea, edema and other diseases. (b) Comprehensive health care measures 1. Environmental aspects: Pay attention to ventilation and heat preservation. The room temperature for bred housing is generally controlled at 22-28 oC, and the humidity is controlled at 60-65%, providing pigs with clean and hygienic and relatively comfortable production and living environment. (If you live in an unclean environment below 18°C ​​for a long time, it will not only affect its growth and development, but it will also induce many diseases.) 2. Feed: Provide high-quality full-price compound feed for bred pigs, and in addition to reduce excessive feed. The piglets were stressed, grasping the restrictions on the newly transferred piglets in the first week and overfeeding the piglets in the second week. In addition, appropriate addition of some broad-spectrum antibiotics to over-feeding materials is also a good measure to prevent digestive system, respiratory system and nervous system diseases of piglets caused by transitional groups and excessive feed stress. 3. Disinfection and epidemic prevention: 3.1 Disinfection work: Disinfection for the bred section should be carried out in synchronization with the disinfection of the field area, that is, the principle of disinfecting every other day (full three-dimensional spray disinfection of the breeding houses on a weekly basis, three, and five days) and ensuring disinfection. The effective concentration of the drug and the spray density, etc., in order to avoid bacterial drug resistance to disinfectant drugs, to take a week to replace a disinfectant principle. 3.2 Immunization work: According to the established immunization procedures, the immunization work can be performed in a timely and accurate manner, so that the injection site can be accurately sterilized, and the dose of the immunization should be sufficient. One pig, one needle, and head injection should be used to ensure the immune effect. . 3.3 Antibody Surveillance: To strengthen antibody monitoring in pigs and take targeted measures in a timely manner: Adhere to the quarterly blood test work; adjust the intra-site immunization procedures and preventive drug regulations at any time according to the blood test results; gradually implement each batch of Antibody monitoring, according to the results of antibody monitoring, gradually adjust the field of immunization and preventive medication regulations; at the same time carry out drug susceptibility testing, strengthen treatment and targeted prevention and administration. 4, insecticide, fly control, rodent control aspects: A: deworming work: Insect repellent: the preferred drug ivermectin (or avermectin premix) treatment and administration: every spring and autumn deworming , a two courses of treatment, each course of a week, two courses of time for a week. Environmental disinfestation: After the end of each treatment course, insecticides are used to disinfect breeding houses with trichlorfon or chrysanthemum insecticides. B: Fly-killing and rodent-killing: Fly-killing: Jieli 33. The strong flies must be bred and cultivated throughout the year, according to the instructions for use of the flies control drugs used; at the same time, the sanitation and cleaning of the environment shall be enhanced, and the production area shall be disinfected. The system to ensure a clean environment is also conducive to the development of the fly control work. Rodenticide: adhere to the year-round implementation of drug extermination work, while the farm personnel should also strengthen the observation of rats, there is an increase in the density of rats, etc., in time to launch rat poison rodent work.