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Three-dimensional planting techniques and field configuration technology
Scientifically planning and rationally arranging intercropping between crops can not only alleviate the conflicts between land and land, but also make full use of land and light energy to suppress the occurrence of pests and diseases, and achieve high yields and efficiency. First, the basic techniques of intercropping three-dimensional interplanting from the plant type in terms of "a tall and a short," "a fat and a thin", that is high straw crops and short stalk crops, plant type loose, lush foliage, horizontal development of crops and plants The compact type, the vertical development of crops with the branches and leaves, in order to form a good population of air and light transmission conditions. Such as the combination of corn and potatoes, sorghum and soybeans. From the aspect of leaf shape, it is necessary to use "one sharp and one round", that is, round leaf crops (such as cotton, sweet potatoes, soybeans, etc.) and sharp leaf crops (such as wheat, corn, sorghum, etc.). From the perspective of root distribution, it needs to be “one deep and one shallowâ€, that is, deep-rooted and shallow-rooted crops are paired with hi-light crops to make full use of nutrients and moisture in the soil. From the aspect of the growing period of the variety, it is necessary to “take one morning and one eveningâ€, that is, the maturity period of the main crop should be later, and the maturation period of the secondary crop should be earlier to facilitate harvesting and obtain sufficient light energy in the later stage of the main crop. From the standpoint of planting density, it is necessary to “large and small†and “one width and one narrowâ€, that is, the density of the main crop should be large, the width of the crop should be wide, the density of the secondary crop should be small, and the crop should be narrow, so as to ensure the advantages of the crops to increase the yield. The secondary crops are harvested. Second, the intercropping field arrangement technology "intercropping" refers to planting two or more crops with similar growth intervals in a piece of land or in a strip, and using the edge to increase the yield; "Interplanting" is two kinds of growth. For crops of different seasons, the crops of the next season are planted before the harvest of the previous season, and the time and space are fully utilized to achieve the objective of increasing production and income. 1. Wheat-corn-soybean interplanting model: 2.13 meters in width and 9 lines in wheat. The spacing is 20 centimeters, the width is 160 centimeters, and the open space is 53 centimeters. Before the wheat harvest, two rows of corn were planted in the middle of the gap, and two rows of corn were also planted in the middle of the nine rows of wheat. The corn spacing was 20 centimeters and the spacing between the rows was 33 centimeters. After the wheat was harvested, two rows of soybeans were planted in the middle of the wide row of corn, with a spacing of 20 cm and a spacing of 13 cm. Corn is selected as a vertical leaf type and soybean is used as an early mature product. This model is suitable for soil fertility applications above mid-range. 2. Cotton - mung bean interplanting mode: cotton planting methods using large and small rows, 80 cm wide row, small row spacing 50 cm, spacing 40 cm. In mid-April, it was sown with rain or drought, planted mung beans in a large row, and the sowing date was the same as that of cotton. The management of the whole growth period of cotton was the same as that of general cotton field management. In mid-July, it is the fast-growing period of cotton, which basically does not affect the growth of cotton. Instead, due to the increase in the area of ​​intercropping mung beans, it changes the structure of the cotton field, which is conducive to the growth of early cotton, but also reduces the amount of evaporation on the bare ground in spring and reduces the degree of soil compaction. 3. Wheat-vegetable-watermelon interplanting mode: The bandwidth is 2.6 meters. In autumn, 9 rows of wheat are planted in a row. The row spacing is 20 centimeters, covering an area of ​​1.6 meters and leaving a gap of 1 meter. Narrow can be used for spinach, parsley, Shanghai Green and other winter vegetables, but also intercropping garlic, beans and so on. After the harvest of winter vegetables or silkworms, in the middle or late April of the following year, the film of watermelon can be interplanted in the gap. 4. Corn - sesame interplanting mode: bandwidth 3.3 meters, sowing 2 rows of corn, row spacing 67 cm, spacing 13 to 20 cm, sesame seeding 6 to 8 rows, row spacing 33 to 40 cm, spacing 17 cm, after a reasonable fertilization, watering Such as scientific management, mu average efficiency of 1500 to 2,000 yuan, compared with single-crop corn planting acres of growth efficiency of 47%. 5. Wheat-peanut (bean) interplanting mode: The middle-high yield wheat field is mainly the "two dense and one thin" mode, that is, two rows of wheat leave a gap. The high-yielding wheat field is 30 centimeters in gaps, and the middle wheat field has a gap of 27 centimeters. The low-yielding wheat fields do not leave a gap. Peanuts are interplanted 15 to 20 days before wheat harvest. Soybeans and green beans are interplanted 7 to 10 days before wheat harvest. 6. Wheat-Spring Cotton Intercropping Pattern: The main promotion is "4-2" and "3 1". Wheat-cotton "Four-Two" configuration 170 cm 1 belt, 4 rows of wheat, row spacing 20 cm, covers an area of ​​60 cm. At the end of April and early May, two rows of cotton were interplanted in the gap, with a narrow row of 50 centimeters and a width of 120 centimeters after the harvest. "Three-in-one" 90 cm 1 belt, 3 rows of wheat, intercropping 1 row of cotton in neutral.