Among the commercial sarcophagus in China, Dendrobium candidum is the most valuable, and Dendrobium Dendrobium is a perennial epiphytic herb of the genus Orchidaceae. Dendrobium is one of the largest genus of Orchidaceae. Let's learn about the selection of the cultivation site and the facility requirements for the pollution-free facilities of Dendrobium candidum with Xiaobian.

1 Cultivation site selection and facility requirements

1.1 Cultivation site selection

It is necessary to select a production area with a good ecological environment other than 100m away from the main road of the traffic, which is not affected by the pollution source or whose pollution source is controlled within the allowable range and has sustainable production capacity.

1.2 Cultivation facility requirements

At present, the cultivation facilities used in the production of Dendrobium candidum are various, but no matter which facilities are required, there are shading, spraying equipment, and planting beds with a height of 70-80 cm from the ground. Try to imitate the ecological environment and create the best growing environment to meet the growth and development needs of Dendrobium candidum according to the biological characteristics of Dendrobium candidum and its wild ecological environment.

2 variety selection and seedling selection

2.1 variety selection

Choose high-quality, high-yield, disease-resistant Dendrobium candidum varieties suitable for the local cultivation environment. According to the determination of nutrients in Dendrobium candidum, the original Dendrobium candidum in Longyan Guanlan Mountain is the best in Fujian.

2.2 Seedling selection and quality requirements

The seedlings produced by large-scale production of Dendrobium candidum generally use tissue culture seedlings, and more than 6 to 7 generations of tissue culture seedlings are used. Tissue cultured seedlings are generally placed in greenhouse seedbeds for 4 to 8 weeks before planting. When the seedlings grow robustly and the leaves are dark green, the bottles are transplanted. It is required to produce seedlings with 5~7cm high, 2~3cm stems, 3~5 roots, 3~5cm roots and 1~2mm roots to promote high survival rate, fast survival and high yield.

3 Cultivation substrate selection and preparation

The ideal substrate for the cultivation of Dendrobium candidum should be a material that can both absorb water and drain, and is both breathable and nutrient-rich. Commonly used materials are bark, wood chips, gravel, water plants, etc., one or more materials are selected and mixed and used. The most used substrate is bark (the bark is best in the bark, followed by the pine tree). Bark). The substrate needs to be sterilized by high temperature before use, and the water content of the substrate is about 60%. According to the cultivation method, it is divided into bed planting and potting (é’µ) planting. The bed was placed on a planting bed at bed time, about 10 cm high. Potted pots can be used now when planted according to the size of the cultivation container.

4 planting

4.1 Planting seedlings before planting

First, emergence. After the seedlings, the tissue culture seedlings should be carefully taken out from the bottle, the bottle seedlings should be washed with water, the unqualified seedlings should be removed and size-graded to facilitate future cultivation management. The second is disinfection. It can be sterilized by using captan, potassium permanganate 1000 times or carbendazim 600~800 times for 1~2 minutes. The third is to dry the roots. After the tissue culture seedlings are disinfected, the roots of the plants should be dried until the roots are whitened, so as to improve the survival rate of seedlings.

4.2 Cultivation season

The best transplanting time of Dendrobium candidum is spring and autumn, and spring is better than autumn. Generally, the average daily temperature is between 15 and 28 °C, which is the best season for transplanting Dendrobium candidum. The transplanting period is mostly from March to May and September to October, but it is most suitable for March-May.

4.3 Planting methods and methods

Generally, it is planted in a cultivating manner, that is, 2 to 4 plants are 1 cluster. When planting, pay attention to the natural extension of the root system, cover the root system with the substrate, gently press the seedlings to make the root system fully contact with the substrate, and plant as much as possible, but the base must be exposed, otherwise it will cause slow growth or rotten roots.

The cultivation method is divided into bed planting and potting (钵) planting. The planting of the bed planting is 10cm×10~15cm, and the seedlings are generally required to be 1.35 million to 2.1 million plants/hm2; the size of the potted plants is 1~2 clusters.

5 Field management

5.1 Lighting Management

Pay attention to shading after planting, and ensure that the light intensity is between 3000~5000lx; after entering the new root, enter the normal light management, generally master the light intensity is 5000~10000lx. Lighting management should be adjusted with the seasons, 30% to 50% of the light is blocked in the winter and spring, and 60% to 70% of the light is blocked in the summer and autumn.

5.2 Temperature Management

The temperature management of Dendrobium candidum should be managed flexibly according to different seasons and different growth stages. The suitable growth temperature of seedlings is 18~30 °C, and the resistance to high temperature and low temperature is poor. Especially in winter, the temperature should not be lower than 8 °C, preferably above 15 °C, and the best control temperature in summer and autumn high temperature season is below 30 °C; The suitable growth temperature of the seedlings is 10~30°C, and the high temperature and low temperature resistance are stronger than the seedlings. The short-term temperature of 5 °C or lower and the high temperature of 38 °C will not cause damage, but the growth rate will slow down until it stops. The temperature difference between day and night is 5~10 °C, which is conducive to stem and leaf growth and accumulation of organic matter.

5.3 Water Management

The water management of Dendrobium candidum mainly includes two aspects: substrate humidity and air humidity. Water management should also be flexibly managed according to different seasons and different growth stages. The air humidity is maintained at about 90% within 1 week after transplanting. After 1 week, the plant begins to root and maintains 70% to 80% of the air humidity. During the vigorous growth period (April-July), the large seedlings should ensure sufficient water content of the substrate, which is beneficial to long sprouts, new seedlings and growth. After entering November, the temperature gradually decreases and the water content of the substrate should be reduced. If the temperature is below 10 °C, Dendrobium candidum basically stops growing into a dormant state, and the requirement for moisture is very low. Therefore, the water content of the substrate should be controlled within 30%.

5.4 Fertilization

Fertilization is based on the principle of “diligence, thin application, timely and sufficient”, and scientifically and rationally apply fertilizer according to different growth stages of Dendrobium candidum. The seedling fertilization is mainly based on foliar fertilizer. The large seedling is mainly applied with organic fertilizer and supplemented by chemical fertilizer. The chemical fertilizer can be used with more than 2 000~3000 times of liquid fertilizer, sprayed once every 7~10 days, and sprayed 3~4 times per month. The concentration of fertilization can be increased with the growth of the seedling; the organic fertilizer can be prepared by adding appropriate amount of trace elements such as sheep manure, soybean meal, fish meal, peanut bran, etc., and the substrate can be sprayed with organic fertilizer for 1~2 times per month. The secondary leaching matrix shall prevail.

5.5 ventilation

Dendrobium candidum is a breathable blue orchid with the characteristics of warmth, moistness, ventilation and avoidance of water accumulation. Good ventilation and ventilating environment is conducive to respiration, gas exchange, prevention of matrix water accumulation, lowering the temperature inside the shed, promoting photosynthesis, and preventing the occurrence and spread of pests and diseases. It is one of the important factors for the success of artificial cultivation.

6 pest and disease control

6.1 Prevention and treatment principles

Take "prevention first, comprehensive prevention" as the principle of prevention and control. In the prevention and control work, the use of high-toxic, high-residue pesticides and the limited use of some chemical pesticides are prohibited. The main measures are comprehensive agricultural control, using physical methods as much as possible, such as pre-treatment of the site, cleaning of debris around the site, strict isolation inside and outside the shed, and insect-proof nets in the ventilation area; field management should be strengthened during the production process, rational close planting, reasonable ventilation and Dehumidification, clean the pastoral; balanced and reasonable fertilization, so that the Dendrobium candidum plant grows robust and improves the disease resistance of the plant. When chemical control must be adopted, the principle of standardized production of pesticides for Chinese herbal medicines should be strictly implemented, and several different types of pesticides should be used alternately to avoid long-term use of single pesticide varieties to delay the development of pest resistance. Strictly control the dosage and period of use, and minimize the pesticide residues in the product.

6.2 Disease prevention

Anthracnose mainly harms the leaves, and a large number of them can cause leaves, which seriously affects the growth of Dendrobium candidum. Rainy, high air humidity, water in the basin, excessive plant clusters, etc., the onset temperature range is 15~30 °C. In the early stage of the disease, 10% of the high-water dispersible granules 3000 times solution, or 25% bromobacin emulsifiable concentrate 300-500 times solution, or cuprous oxide 2000 times solution can be sprayed. Generally, it is sprayed once every 7 days, and continuously sprayed 2~ 3 times.

The disease often causes the young part of the plant to rot or cause the stem to be watery brown rot. When the temperature is lower than 25 °C, poor ventilation and high humidity (85%~95%), it is easy to be ill and more serious. In the early stage of the disease, spray treatment can be carried out by using 72% gram of dew or frost urea·manganese-zinc wettable powder 600 times solution, 69% Anke·manganese-zinc wettable powder 500 times liquid, and the like.

The stalk rot of Fusarium oxysporum occurs mostly at the stem node, petiole or pedicel base, and the diseased part becomes brown and dead, and the vascular bundle produces browning. When the disease occurs, the whole plant is dead. High temperature and high humidity, rainy or continuous management, long-term weak, spray-type watering, etc. are conducive to the onset. When it occurs, it can be sprayed with 20% anti-dry spirit agent 500~600 times solution and 23% guanidine copper water agent 250~300 times solution.

In the early stage of black spot disease, the leaves showed purple-brown small spots, which later expanded into round black-brown lesions. The spots around them were radial yellow. In severe cases, the lesions were connected into pieces, and finally the leaves were yellow. When planting, pay attention to clean up the diseased leaves and fallen leaves in time, reduce the source of disease infestation; and strengthen the ventilation conditions in the shed. In the early stage of the disease, you can spray 1000 times of difenoconazole and 1500~2000 times of prochloraz, and use them alternately. You can control the condition even after spraying 2~3 times.

6.3 Pest Control

The snails and cockroaches are mainly caused by Dendrobium candidum. When the snail occurs, it can be trapped by the tender leaf or the grass mixed poison bait, that is, 50kg of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 50kg of tender grass or tender leaf, and sprinkled in the evening; or 6% tetraacetaldehyde (Midda) The granules are 7.50~11.25kg/hm2, which are evenly spread on the planting bed in the evening.

The underground pests of Dendrobium candidum are mainly cockroaches, small tigers, and larvae of the scarab. When it occurs, the bait can be used to trap and kill. The wheat husk and the bean gluten are sauteed, and the bait is wetted with 90% crystal trichlorfon 30 times solution. It is scattered around the planting bed in the evening to lure or use black light to trap the adult.

6.4 weeding

Taking into account the safety and product quality of Dendrobium candidum, weeds are generally removed manually, and chemical herbicides are prohibited from weeding.

7 harvesting

Dendrobium candidum is suitable for harvesting from November to April. At the time of harvesting, the old mature stems, capped stems and deciduous white strips were harvested from the second node of the base. After harvesting, the leaves were removed and the diseased plants and rotten plants were removed.

At present, with the development of tissue culture technology of Dendrobium candidum, the improvement of the level of imitation wild cultivation and facility cultivation technology, the area of ​​artificial cultivation is developing rapidly. The above main content is a reference for the healthy and sustainable development of Dendrobium candidum.

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