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First, the growth characteristics of lemon shoots Lemon strong growth potential, pumping 3 to 5 times a year new shoots, multiple shoots, flowering, the results, long shoots, stout, good yield.
Spring shoots from April to April: Shooting time of new shoots is relatively uniform, and the number of shoots is short, fine and neat, and most of the flower buds are differentiated to form the resulting mother shoots.
Summer shoots from May to July: The shoots grow robustly, grow stronger, absorb more nutrients, have dark green leaves, and the cross-sections of the shoots are saccharose-like, making it easy to form leggy branches.
Autumn shoots from August to October: Most of them are the mother trees that are the result of the leap year. Affected by the flowering results, the number of hairs is small, the branches are slender, and the development is not substantial.
Winter Tip 11 ~ January of the following year: Affected by low temperature and nutrients, the number of hair loss is small, nutrition is insufficient, and yellowing is easy to occur.
Second, the pruning of young saplings of the lemon and the initial fruit tree The main purpose of pruning is to cultivate the crown of the tree in order to expand the canopy faster and better. Saplings are suitable for pruning during the winter season. During the growing season, the pruning and the necessary short cuts should be carried out to preserve the branches and auxiliary branches as much as possible. Trim points:
1. Long shoots Pinus saplings should draw long shoots, after each season branches shoots, in addition to the tips of preserved 8 to 10 picking heart, the rest have to be tender shoot tipping. It is advisable to leave a length of 20 to 25 cm to enrich the robust canopy, early branching and multiple branching so as to expand the canopy as soon as possible.
(2) The timely removal of the buddhist branch and the long branch to disturb the tree shape and waste of nutrients shall be promptly erased.
3. Pull the branches on the upright strong shoots, should adopt pull, support method. Pull down the strong branch, support the branch branch angle 40 to 50, and take measures to pull and support the sapling, so that the young tree can be achieved 1-2 years earlier.
4. Putting buds on the tip of the young trees can be wiped in the summer to put shoots, put a fall shoot, in order to facilitate the expansion of the crown as soon as possible.
5. Summer shoots grow vigorously saplings, and there are more strong shoots. As summer growth is not easy to attract autumn shoots, it is not conducive to flower bud differentiation, in May to July to wipe buds and sparse shear. Therefore, all of them were cut off in early August, so that more autumn shoots were extracted from late August to early September. Most of these autumn shoots bloom in the following year.
6. Auxiliary branches Cultivate twigs usually planted in the crown, as long as they are not leggy and dense, they should generally be preserved. These twigs are often a good result of saplings.
7. Sparse Buds The buds and fruit appearing on the weak trees of the saplings before they are planned to produce fruit should be removed promptly to promote the nutrient production of the tree and form the crown as soon as possible and put into production.
Third, the lemon flower and fruit protection measures After the germination of spring buds, 0.2% zinc sulfate is applied first. Before flowering, 0.5% urea, 0.2% superphosphate, and 1% potassium sulfate are sprayed once. After Xiehua with 0.4% ~ 0.5% urea + 0.2% ~ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and Baohua Baoguo agent (Sanxiao green leaf God) together spray, fruit expansion period with 0.3% urea +3% superphosphate +0. 5% potassium sulfate spray. After the young fruit is stable, it is necessary to maintain sufficient soil moisture, and the key is to drench the water once in 10 days before the spring.
Fourth, the fertilization of lemon fertilizes unsuccessful saplings. The purpose is to promote the growth of the crown as soon as possible so that it can be put into production as soon as possible. However, attention should be paid to preventing over-fertilization and excessive growth of excess nutrients so as to avoid delaying the outcome of flowering. To fertilize saplings, we must master the principle of “diligent and thin applicationâ€. The young fruit trees are mainly fertilized three times a year:
The first fertilizer in the middle of February that is before the flower fertilizer, accounting for 25% of the year, should apply farmhouse manure 800 ~ 1600 kg, 8 kg of urea, superphosphate 8 ~ 16 kg, compound fertilizer 8 ~ 16 kg.
The second fertilizer in the end of June to early July, accounting for 50% of the year, each farm should apply fertilizer 1600 ~ 3200 kg, 16 kg of urea, superphosphate 16 ~ 32 kg, compound fertilizer 8 ~ 10 kg.
The third fertilizer at the end of August to the beginning of September, accounting for 25% of the year, each farm should apply fertilizer 800 to 1600 kg, 8 kg of urea, superphosphate 8 to 16 kg, compound fertilizer 8 to 16 kg.
V. Prevention and control of pests and diseases By adopting comprehensive methods such as agricultural control, biological control, and chemical control, the sources and sources of insects are controlled to the lowest level.
Agricultural control: Increase farmyard manure, increase tree's resistance, diligently remove weeds to clean the garden, destroy pests and hosts, and prune dry branches, diseased branches, and pests to prevent spread of pests and diseases.
Biological control: The orchards raising chickens, ducks and bees have certain control effects.
Chemicals prevention and treatment: Prevention is the main method, and treatment is the supplement, to understand the condition of the disease, to grasp the pest situation, to identify the right time, and to prescribe the right medicine. All large areas should be controlled by uniform spraying and pesticides should be used alternately.
(I) Disease scab disease: Harmful to young leaves, shoots, and young fruit. The lesions on the leaves are water-stained at first, followed by waxy yellow wood plugs, with conical projections, causing severe distortion and deformity of the leaves; fruit peels. Nodules appear on the lesions, the disease is small, deformed, easy to drop fruit.
Control methods: (1) Strengthen cultivation management, remove diseased leaves in conjunction with winter pruning, and burn them centrally. (2) The new shoot spray protection, when the flower Xie 2/3 spray protection of young fruit, available 50% carbendazim 1000 times, 800-1000 times the rich students spray.
(b) Insect pests
1. Apes (red, yellow spider, rust): damage the leaves, make the leaves dull, gray, causing fallen leaves, shoot tip. The yellow spider damages the leaves and it is distorted. The rust damage is yellow-brown or rust brown on the back of the leaf, and the victim's fruit is dark brown.
Control methods: (1) spray once in spring or apply lime sulfur to the main rod. (2) 73% Kezi 2000 ~ 3000 times liquid; love Locust 1000 ~ 1500 times liquid spray. To control red spiders, we must first master the "control center pests, supplemented by large-scale control."
2. Leaf leaf moth: The larvae infiltrate young shoots of young leaves and under the epidermis of fruit to form a white insect tract, which causes the leaves to curl and become friable and rot.
Control methods: (1) Control summer shoots and autumn shoots, remove premature, late and excess shoots, and cut the food chain of leaf miner. (2) Adopting key prevention and treatment at the summer shoots and autumn shoots, and more pesticides are available. It is best to use them alternately to achieve better efficacy, spray protection, and shoot rate. More than 20% of the first time the first spray, available 20% Sweep, enemy killed, high efficiency cypermethrin 1500 ~ 2000 times liquid.
High-yielding cultivation techniques of young lemon trees
In countries and regions where citrus is produced globally, many countries and regions cultivate lemons. Lemon is a popular type of citrus fruit. Its rich nutrition, rich in more citric acid, vitamin C, vitamin B, vitamin P and other vitamins, lemon juice, the acid content of up to 6% to 7%. In addition, lemon also contains calcium, iron, magnesium and other mineral elements that are beneficial to human health.