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High-yielding Cultivation Technique of Tomato in Protected Field
High-yielding cultivation techniques of protected tomatoes To cultivate in protected fields, we must first construct a reasonable greenhouse, requiring better insulation, better lighting and warming, and convenient operation. First, choose good varieties. To select varieties with high yield, good disease resistance, good quality and transport resistance. The current cultivation of better varieties are: Zhongza 106, Harvest No. 1, the antler crown, Zhejiang powder 202 and so on. Second, nurture strong seedlings. The current problems with nursery: 1, yellow leaves, roots, nutritional imbalance. 2, dead seedlings serious. The main period of crop growth is the seedling stage. Four-leaf flowers before the four-leaf flower have been developed. This is the critical period of flower bud differentiation. Avoid drought. Therefore, cultivating roots and cultivating seedlings is also called seedling cultivation. The seedlings of seedlings are fully nutritious and can meet the nutrient requirements of the seedlings at the seedling stage, and flower buds are well-differentiated. A seedling, easy to operate, not slow seedlings, do not hurt the roots. Prevent bacteria infection. Third, colonization management. Tomato has a large demand for fertilizer and water, and it is necessary to apply basic fertilizer and reapply calcium fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer. For every 1,000 kilograms of tomatoes produced, 2,7 kg of nitrogen, 0,7 kg of phosphorus, and 5 kg of potassium are required. Nitrogen can promote the formation of proteins and nucleic acids, so that the crop vegetative growth. Note that the use of nitrate nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen can easily lead to lack of water and curly leaves, improper use or too much, can easily lead to plant leggy and fall. Potassium is a quality element with the largest amount of absorption, which can increase the disease resistance of the crop, make the fruit evenly colored, reduce the falling fruit and fruit, and prevent brown fruit and tendons from rotting. One month after tomato fruiting is the key period for absorbing calcium. Tomatoes have high calcium content, but they are difficult to move in plants and must be supplemented. Otherwise, the skin is thin, which can easily cause umbilical rot. Appropriate supplemental silicon fertilizer can promote the absorption of potassium and calcium. Boron can promote flower bud differentiation, make pollen tube elongation, flowering consistent, in the 60-90 cm high plant height when the stem and stem cracks, growth point growth within a few days, which is the phenomenon of boron deficiency. To properly supplement Sonic boron and so on. Due to the high yield of the tomato varieties and the long growing period, the base fertilizer must be applied before planting. Generally 400-500 kg of bio-organic fertilizer is applied per mu, which is relatively good in terms of production, such as: Japan's Daiyuan Doufu Fertilizer, Japan's Ma Luyi, USA's Fortress Fort, Tian Mi Mi and so on. Mushi silicon calcium fertilizer 150 kilograms, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 50 kilograms, potassium fertilizer 50 kilograms. For ridge cultivation, planting should not be too deep. Watering should be done with a small amount of water and keep the soil dry and wet. After the fruit is set, it should be hydrated and mainly made of high-potassium bio-fertilizer (such as: Boron, Calcium, Potassium, Potter, Multisource Potassium, Hercules, Giant Potassium, etc.). Use potassium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium phosphate. Try to flush or not flush the compound fertilizer as little as possible to avoid damaging the root. The major diseases that occur on tomatoes include viral diseases, early blight, late blight, Phytophthora root rot, leaf mold, gray mold, and canker diseases. In prevention and control, prevention should be the main focus, and more organic bio-fertilizers should be used to improve soil structure and improve plant disease resistance. Pharmacological control, every 7-10 days with Kikang Kang + Corynebactid or streptomycin + Kai Sang spray once. It can prevent the occurrence of various diseases. Viral diseases are prone to occur under conditions of high temperature and drought, and are mainly transmitted by aphids, whiteflies, rainwater, and agricultural operations. Can be used 800 times the virus must be clear or 600 times the virus spirit control. Phytophthora root rot is a devastating disease that has occurred in recent years. The rate of development is very fast, and it can cause serious wilting or outbreak of the whole shed. The main symptoms were sudden wilting of the plant from top to bottom, rot in the base of the stem, and dark brown roots under the skin. In the tomato plants that have gotten bacterial wilt, the roots are generally not black, and there is no water-like rot. After they are dug up, they are broken off and there is a fungal pus that contains milk and water. This is the main difference between these two diseases. Because of the rapid development of Phytophthora root rot, there is currently no effective medical treatment. In the production of more application of fermented bacteria organic fertilizer, after the trial, with two two can kill +4 two pestilence speed net mixed 70 kg of fine soil, before planting sprinkled into the planting hole, planting water after the completion of planting the next day , with 4 two to kill +4 two epidemic speed net mix 70 kilograms fine soil, caught plant roots, basically to prevent the occurrence of Phytophthora root rot. Early blight and late blight can be treated with Anke + Epidemic Net or Anke +58% Noromatae. In addition, the occurrence of spot blight in the past few years has also been very serious. Many vegetable farmers have taken control of the disease as early blight. The effect is not ideal. Early blight is a brown spot surrounded by yellow ring patterns. The lesions of spot blight are greyish white, brown in the surrounding, and can cause severe perforation. Can be used to eliminate bacteria through the 800 times liquid + 58% Noxomycetes 500 times control. Botrytis cinerea is generally infected by leaf margins, flowers, and flower needles. It is possible to add 0,1% scroking or acetaminophen to point anthers. Leaf mould can be controlled by special leaf spray. The above are the invasive diseases that often occur, and the non-invasive diseases caused by bad environment, such as freezing injury, sunburn, sputum root, deficiency, malformation, etc. For example, too much nitrogen fertilizer, too much water, high temperature, insufficient sunshine, excessive hormones can lead to empty fruit. The soil is dry and excess nitrogen fertilizer can lead to fruit decay. The light is too strong, the soil is dry, too much water or too little can lead to cracking. Internal information is for reference only and can be combined with local farming habits. Contributed by Shouguang City Fruit and Vegetable Association Zhang Qinliang Telephone