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Cotton Nutrition and Fertilization
The amount of fertilizer needed for cotton is large. For every 100 kilograms of lint produced (about 350 kilograms of seed cotton), 13.35 to 13.8 kilograms of nitrogen (N), 4.65 to 4.8 kilograms of phosphorus (P205), and 13.35 to 14.4 kilograms of potassium (K2O) need to be absorbed. The absorption ratio of phosphorus, potassium and potassium is generally 1:0.3-0.4:1. The vegetative growth and reproductive growth of cotton are in parallel for a long period of time. In production, reasonable adjustment of nutrients should be adopted so that vegetative growth and reproductive growth can be coordinated to achieve high yields. Emergence ~ buds, absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium accounted for 3% to 4.5% of the total absorption; Lei ~ early flowers, accounting for about 30%; early flowers ~ Shenghua, are more than 60%; Tufu ~ harvest They are all within 8% and only 1% to 3% when they are low. According to this, the principle of fertilization of cotton is: sufficient base fertilizer, stable application of seedlings, bud fertilizer, re-application of flower bell fertilizer, make-up cover top fertilizer. 1. Apply base fertilizer and fertilize the whole layer. Cotton is a deep-rooted crop. It has a long growing period and a large amount of growth. It requires high soil fertility. Applying basal fertilizer is the basis for high-yielding cotton production. It should use 3,000 to 5,000 kilograms of organic manure in combination with all phosphate fertilizers, most potash fertilizers, and some nitrogen fertilizers. Dispose before the cultivated land. For zinc-deficient and boron-deficient land, 1 to 2 kg of zinc sulphate can be applied and 0.5 to 1 kg of borax can be applied in combination with organic manure. Second, steadily applying Miao Lei Fei. From the seedling stage to budding stage, the nutrient requirement is not large, nitrogen accounts for only 4.5% of the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorous accounts for 3% to 3.4%, and potassium accounts for 3.7% to 4%. Under the condition of full base fertilizer, the seedling The period is generally no longer top-dressing. The budding period has entered the parallel stage of vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and it is necessary to establish a shelf of high yields, but also to prevent cotton growth, and to top-dress fertilizer in the current period. Third, reapply flower bell fertilizer. After flowering, the vegetative and reproductive growth of the cotton plant enters the peak period and gradually shifts to the period of reproductive growth. The area of ​​the stem, branch and leaf grows to the maximum, and at the same time, a large number of flowering and ringing and dry matter accumulation occur. The largest amount, the longest duration, and the largest demand for nutrients, are the key period for topdressing and must be repeated. In the current period, topdressing is dominated by nitrogen, with proper phosphorus and potassium supplementation. Fourth, make top cover fertilizer. After the cotton strains are fetched, the cotton bolls are formed in large quantities. To prevent premature deferment of fat loss, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5% to 1.0% can be sprayed on the leaves for 7 to 10 days once for 3 to 4 consecutive times. V. Two points must be clarified: base fertilizer and flower and bell fertilizer are two key fertilizers that determine cotton production, while seedlings, bud fertilizers and roof-covered fertilizers are three periods that should be noticed, but not all three times, in practice, often Rarely applied.