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Autumn sowing potato yields five
The province of Henan Province is the second season (spring and autumn) of potato crops. It mainly produces commodity potatoes in spring, and it mainly produces seed potatoes in autumn. In recent years, with the development of potato production in Henan Province, the production area of ​​commodity potatoes in autumn has gradually increased. However, for a variety of reasons, most growers report that autumn potato production is not high, which seriously restricts the production of potatoes. Therefore, when planting autumn potatoes, varieties with high quality, high yield, early maturity, short dormancy period (40-50 days), and suitable for planting in the second quarter should be selected, such as Zhengshu No. 5, Zhengshu No. 6 and Zhongshu No. 3, Feirui it, Dongnong 303, Kexin No.4, early morning and so on. Germination off from spring harvest to fall sowing, due to a short time, some of the seed potatoes have not yet passed the dormant period, so when the cultivation of autumn potatoes must be soaked germination. For short dormancy varieties such as Zhengshu No. 5, Zhengshu No. 6 and Zhongshu No. 3, soak the seed potatoes in a 5ppm gibberellin solution for about 5 minutes before planting, and then germinate; Longer varieties such as Feirui it, Dongnong 303, Kexin No.4, and early Dabai, etc., should be used to increase the concentration of gibberellin solution when soaking, and also to prolong germination and soaking time. When soaking, first use a small amount of alcohol to dissolve the gibberellin, then add water to dilute to the required concentration, and then put the seed potatoes into a mortar or net bag and then soak in the liquid. After soaking, remove the seed potatoes on the sand bed (bed width 100 cm, sand thickness 5 cm), spread the thickness of the potato block to be about 20 cm, and then cover the wet sand above and around 5 cm thick . When the shoots grow to 2 cm in length, they are picked up and placed in a shaded place with scattered light for greening. Seeds can be sowed after 2 to 3 days. The concentration of gibberellin solution must be strictly prepared when soaking and germinating. When the concentration is low, the seed soaking effect will not be achieved, and when the concentration is high, weak seedlings and cluster seedlings will easily appear, resulting in reduced production or even no harvest. The gibberellin solution should be used with it and avoid overnight use. In addition, the accumulation of seed potatoes should not be too thick, otherwise it is easy to cause bad potatoes. Sowing clearance Because the autumn sowing time is in the high temperature and rainy season, it is easy to rot. Therefore, to sow the whole potatoes, 50 grams of small potatoes can be used as seed potatoes. One of the main reasons for the low yield of autumn potatoes is that the suitable potato growth time is shorter. Therefore, the production of commodity potatoes should be appropriately sowed in advance, and the growth time should be extended as much as possible. The sowing time can be selected in early August. August high temperature and rain, the field when the accumulation of water can easily cause bad potatoes, affecting the emergence and growth of plants, so after the rain to remove water and carry out cultivator in order to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. Management Early autumn potato growth temperature is high, suitable for the growth of stems and leaves, the late temperature is low, large temperature difference between day and night, conducive to the expansion of potato pieces, the whole growth period generally does not appear leggy phenomenon. Therefore, when cultivating the autumn potato, it is necessary to promote the use of big fertilizers and fertilizers in the end. In the case of sufficient basal fertilizer, two fertilizers should be chased during the growth period. The first topdressing should be carried out at 70% to 80% of the seedlings, and 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate should be applied. The second top dressing should be conducted at a seedling height of about 20 cm. Application of urea 15 ~ 30 kg. Normally depending on the rainwater conditions, it is watered in time to keep the surface moist. In the autumn, soil should be cultivated every time with shallow soil and multiple times. The first time the earth is raised at a height of about 20 cm, the second earthing is carried out at the beginning of flowering, and the third earthing is done before the frost falls at the end of October. The earth is thicker to protect the tubers and prevent frost. Put a big water anti-frost before the frost, in order to properly extend the growth time of stems and leaves, for the latter production. Where conditions permit, small arches can be added to the fields in the middle or late October. Pest and disease control is often carried out in autumn and rainy days. Diseases and insect pests are heavier. If they are neglected, they will often cause the spread of diseases and insect pests, which will lead to serious reductions in production. The most common disease in the fall is the late blight, and the pests are tea crickets. The damage lasts from late September to early October. Rhizoctonia can be used for late blight disease, can be killed, anti-virus drugs, B aluminum phosphorus, Bordeaux liquid and other agents to control, the tea can be used diclofenac, Ke Qi special, Quxuan Meng, cyproterol and other agents control. In the second half of September, one drug is sprayed, and then once every other week, the drug is sprayed three times to control the occurrence of late blight and tea breaks.