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China uses biotechnology to control chemical fertilizer pollution
This is Zhangzhai Village, a suburb of Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China. In the autumn, the sun was hot and the farmland was bursting with heat. Zhang Sheng, 50, and his wife were busy harvesting rice while driving a harvester. During the rest, Zhang Sheng sat on the fields and drank water while chatting with reporters about the fungus. He took a few rice grains from the harvester and put it in his mouth. After chewing it a few times, he said: “The grain produced by the crops on the crop has a good taste.†Then Zhang Sheng grabbed a piece of soil and squeezed it. "You see, even the soil is softer than before." Zhang's feelings are not unique. Now, from Yunnan province in southwestern China to Jiangsu province in the east of China, many farmers use biological bacterial fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizers when they add fertilizer to crops. Experts say that the promotion of the use of bacteria-based fertilizers in rural China is an important way to prevent agricultural production from polluting rivers and lakes. This pollution is caused by a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticide residues in the farmland that flow into rivers and lakes with rainwater. According to information provided by environmental protection agencies, a considerable portion of industrial and urban domestic sewage from various parts of China is discharged into rivers and lakes after treatment by sewage treatment plants, which significantly reduces the degree of pollution of water bodies. It also causes pollution from agriculture. The harm is more prominent. In the recent pollution of rivers and lakes, three quarters of the sources of pollution come from agriculture. Guo Huiguang, a senior engineer at the Yunnan Institute of Environmental Sciences, said: "The large-scale use of fertilizers and pesticides by Chinese farmers began in the mid-1960s. In the past few decades, chemical fertilizers have greatly increased China's grain production. At the same time, it has gradually changed thousands. The ingredients of green food in the past year." "Actually, the abuse of chemical fertilizers is far more than that. At present, the farmers' method is to directly spread fertilizers and pesticides into the fields. This not only fails to provide continuous nutrients to the crops, the worst is the rain. Most of the fertilizers and pesticides will be washed away when they are poured, and they will eventually enter the rivers, lakes and seas because they cannot be treated in a centralized manner. These contaminated waters are then consumed by people, which can be said to be harmful.†Guo Huiguang said with worry. The long-term excessive use of chemical fertilizers has caused the consolidation of many farmland in China, resulting in a decline in the effect of fertilization. This has led to a decline in the quality of the product, which is directly reflected in the poor taste of the product. Many people therefore complained that "even vegetables are not as full as they used to be." In order to solve the many negative effects of using chemical fertilizers, Chinese scientists are studying the use of fertilizers instead of fertilizers. Zhang Tao, director of the Science and Technology Industry Department of Yunnan Province, said that they cooperated with Tsinghua University to strengthen the treatment of some bacteria to make them become bio-bacterial fertilizers capable of solidifying the soil and maintaining nutrients. Fertilizers cause pollution to the environment and can provide plants with balanced and comprehensive nutrition, which makes plants grow stronger, quality is significantly improved, and the probability of pests and diseases is greatly reduced.†The first biofungicide first used the straw of agricultural crops. After being crushed, it is put into a fermentation tank and added into the fermentation tank. It is mixed and fermented with livestock and human feces and then taken out and applied to the fields. "These bacteria can better solidify nitrogen in the air and soil and have the characteristics of decomposing phosphorus and potassium. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are essential nutrients for plant growth, and they are also the main substances that pollute water quality. After decomposition, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium Water pollution will drop very low,†Zhang Tao said. According to Dai Li, an engineer who participated in the experiment, the experiment of using biological bacterial fertilizers on vegetables showed that they grew better than chemical fertilizers, and they rarely appeared to provide nutrients and even burned down the coriander. The characteristics of the fungus fertilizer were sustainable. Supply nutrients. “What is important is that the bacterial fertilizer will not accumulate on the leaves or soil of the plant like chemical fertilizers. Once it meets precipitation, it will flow away. It can convert solid nitrogen into easily absorbed ionic nitrogen, which makes the The soil becomes soft," she said. In order to make the use of fungus more convenient, the biological fungicide developed in Jiangsu Province is almost the same as that of chemical fertilizers. There is no smell of farmyard fertilizers, and the cost is slightly lower than that of chemical fertilizers. Now, many places in China have restricted the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Jiangsu Province clearly stipulated the amount of fertilizer used per unit area of ​​farmland along Lake Taihu. Yunnan Province also adopted compulsory measures this year, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides by 20% in previous years.