Now the greenhouse tomato in autumn and winter has entered the flowering period. The management work during this period is particularly important. The quality of field management directly affects crop yield and quality. Therefore, it is necessary to plant field management work. Today, Xiaobian talks about autumn and winter greenhouses. Tomato management technology, I hope to help everyone. First, the control of the cultivation environment 1, temperature a. The early management of greenhouse tomato growth in autumn and winter is to prevent the tomato from growing, and it is necessary to cover the insulation in time. b. The key point of low-temperature season management is to adopt warming and cold-proof measures to increase the temperature. The night temperature should not be lower than 10, and the top air outlet should be opened when the sunny temperature reaches 32 degrees. 2, lighting a. Select a high-efficiency light-transfer film with good light transmission or a droplet-dried film with high light transmittance. b. During the winter, the grasshoppers are uncovered according to the weather conditions. c. In case of a long cloudy weather, pay attention to the grasshoppers and block each other to prevent the plants from wilting due to strong light. 3, air humidity a, relative humidity regulation indicators: slow seedling period 80% -90%; flowering fruit set period 60% -70%; results period 50% -60%. b. The indoor humidity can be reduced by covering the mulch film, using drip irrigation or under-film dark irrigation, short-term ventilation and dehumidification after morning exposure, and temperature adjustment. 4, carbon dioxide fertilization After the short-term ventilation is revealed, the carbon dioxide is applied at a temperature of 20 degrees or more, and the concentration is 1000-1500 mg/kg, and the yield increase effect is remarkable. Second, hanging vines 1. Change the bamboo raft frame to the plant with silver-gray plastic rope to fix the plants, and remove the side branches and old leaves and yellow leaves in time. 2. Leave 4-6 ears per plant and leave 2-3 leaves on top of the top ear. 3, long-season cultivation using a new method of continuous heading pruning, up to 6 spikes when topping. Third, spray flowers and fruit 1. When each flower is opened 2/3, “Shennong 2†sprays flowers and preserves the fruit. The concentration of the drug needs to be determined according to the temperature. At the same time, the application of “Pythium†pesticide can effectively prevent gray mold. 2. After the fruit is placed, the excess flowers and fruits and the deformed fruit are removed in time. The varieties harvested by the single fruit are 4 fruits per ear, and the varieties harvested in a string are 5-6 fruits per ear. Fourth, reasonable watering 1. Under the film drip irrigation or dark irrigation, the water is poured when planting, and the water is poured in the later stage. The number of watering is reduced in the low temperature season to avoid the low temperature. When the drought is also avoided, the flooding is prohibited. 2. Maintain proper moisture in the soil and indoors to avoid the occurrence of fruit cracking, and maintain the maximum water holding capacity in the result period of 60%-80%. Five, scientific topdressing 1. Topdressing principle: Take the principle of “balanced fertilization†and the principle of “eat less meals†to avoid using only nitrogen fertilizer or excessive fertilizer application. 2. When the first ear is as long as 2-3cm, apply 5kg of potassium nitrate and 15kg of ternary compound fertilizer per acre. After each ear is about 2-3cm, the topdressing should be applied once every year. Apply 40% of NPK fertilizer to 10kg, or open a hole to apply 20kg of ternary compound fertilizer. It is necessary to pay attention to stop topdressing 30 days before pulling. 3, foliar spray fertilizer 4-5 times in the middle and late growth period, spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus +0.5% urea per mu. 4. In the result period, spray the fertilizer with high potassium content, spray evenly, and spray it on the back of the leaf to facilitate absorption. Sixth, pest control 1, late blight a, onset The temperature is between 15-23 degrees and the relative humidity is above 75%, that is, low temperature and high humidity are prone to late blight. b, prevention Timely ventilation and ventilation, reasonable adjustment of temperature and humidity, avoiding low temperature and high humidity environment, early use of Anke manganese zinc, Plex and other pesticides in a timely manner. 2, leaf mold a, onset Environments with high temperature, high humidity, and poor ventilation are prone to disease. b, prevention Avoid excessive humidity in the greenhouse. The temperature is too high. In the early stage of the disease, use the bacteriostatic agent fumigating or Wanmuling dust to control the powder. 3, viral disease a, onset Seedlings are susceptible to infection, mainly through pests, wounds and human manipulation. b, prevention The insect net is installed at the tuyere and the door to prevent pests from entering, the scissors and hand-operated potassium permanganate solution used for the operation of pruning and snoring are disinfected, and the pesticides such as anti-toxic or virus A are sprayed at the beginning of the disease. 4, aphids, whitefly Use air outlets to install insect nets to prevent pests from entering, to prevent worms from hanging in the sheds, or to hang silver-gray film strips, etc., to prevent pests and diseases, and to use 25% AKTA, 10% imidacloprid or 1% azadirachtin. In the morning, unified spray control, combined with the use of 22% dichlorvos aerosol in the evening fumigation.
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Autumn and winter greenhouse tomato management technology