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1. Mutual Factors of Miao Birds Miao and poultry raised by many farmers are purchased from the traders who sell the Miao birds and they do not understand the source of the eggs for hatchery production, hatching and disinfection. Moreover, when the traders sell their young birds and poultry, they go from house to house and flow frequently. Therefore, the stress on the young birds during transportation is relatively serious. And if there is an epidemic in some place, it may be transmitted through them. In addition, those vendors do not produce seedlings themselves. They are all purchased from hatcheries in batches and then distributed to farmers. Because of the large number of bulk purchases, it is difficult to sell them all at once, and it is generally adopted as a method of selling bred animals. Due to lack of professional knowledge and poor brooding environment, many young birds have been infected before they are sold. Some traders have also been driven by interests to mislead the peasant masses and sell the young and sick youngsters to farmers. These are important reasons for the increased mortality of young birds.
2. Feeding and management factors
2.1 Temperature Control Grasping the proper brooding temperature is crucial to improve the survival rate of young birds. Excessively high or low temperatures can seriously affect the health of young birds, which is mainly determined by the physiological characteristics of young birds. Because the function of various organs after hatching of chicks is not perfect, it is under development, especially the cold resistance and immune function are relatively poor. However, due to the low number of breeding, there are generally only a dozen to tens of feathers. Many farmers usually purchase chicks only after they are placed in simple brooding boxes (mainly discarded cartons), and there are no heating facilities or heating facilities. Such a simple brooding box is difficult to control the proper brooding temperature. . If the temperature is too high, the light may cause the appetite of the young bird to subside, and the death may be caused by the dehydration. If the temperature is too low, white feathers and respiratory diseases may be induced, and the young bird may also be suffocated by playing the pile. Some peasant households only one-sidedly focus on cold-keeping and warm-keeping while ignoring the ventilation and ventilation, which results in excessive humidity in the brooding box and an increase in the concentration of harmful gases, which impairs the health of the peasants and poultry, and can also cause serious deaths.
2.2 Selection of feeds In rural areas, small-scale farming is only a family sideline, so the choice of feed is relatively arbitrary. Generally, they are locally sourced or fed with agricultural and sideline products. Miao and poultry feed is no exception. Basically all rice is used for soaking (water soaking) and rice are fed, and nutritionally full-priced compound feeds are rarely used. However, because the physiological function of the Miao bird is not yet perfect, and the demand for feed nutrition is relatively high, it can easily affect its physical fitness and reduce its resistance. In order to save feed costs, some peasant households have used expired or moldy feeds to feed them, often resulting in poultry poisoning deaths due to feed quality.
2.3 Use of Vaccines When immunizing the Miao birds, the farmers did not formulate sound practical immunization programs suitable for the region. They also used vaccines blindly. They did not understand what vaccines were used at any age. When the vaccine is injected, several households usually use a single bottle of vaccine for convenience and cost savings, and the same syringe is used for injection. Basically, the syringe is not sterilized at the time of injection and the needle is not replaced. Therefore, if one of the households is infected with a disease, the young birds of other households may also be infected by using the same syringe. In addition, due to the lack of necessary knowledge on the preservation of vaccines, many vaccines often have their valence reduced or even lost due to high temperature, exposure, etc. before they are used. This also greatly reduces the protection rate of the vaccine and does not achieve the desired protective effect.
2.4 Addition of Drugs A large number of farmers have long added various antibacterial drugs to feed and drinking water since their purchase. It is believed that this can effectively prevent and control the occurrence and spread of diseases. It is not known that the long-term use of antibacterial drugs can make the bacteria resistant, and it is not conducive to the treatment of diseases in the future. Moreover, the toxic side effects produced by the drugs themselves are also a major hazard to the body health of chicks. For example, long-term or repeated use of chloramphenicol will inhibit bone marrow hematopoietic function, causing thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, hemolytic anemia and other diseases.
3. Other factors Due to the small number of breeding, management is neglected. When a flock occurs, the disease cannot be found in time. When the disease is detected, the condition is usually severe, which delays the condition and affects the effect of treatment.
One problem in rural areas is that chickens, ducks, geese and other poultry are polyculture, and there are also polycultures of seedlings and adult birds. Such feeding habits and methods are extremely unfavorable to the prevention and control of disease of young birds, and also increase the probability of disease occurrence.
Analysis of the Causes of Poor Survival Rate of Poultry Brooding in Rural Areas
In the rural households, there are habits of purchasing seedlings for breeding. However, due to technical and other reasons, the survival rate of young birds kept is unsatisfactory. This has not only caused economic losses for farmers, but also has hampered the farming enthusiasm of the majority of farmers. After our in-depth investigation and understanding, we found that there are many reasons for this phenomenon, but there are mainly the following aspects.