Due to the different levels of cultivation of farmers, some problems will arise during the cultivation of cabbage. First, the roots become black, the growth is slow, the leaves are rotten; the second is loose or delayed ball formation; the third is the young seedlings, the young leaves are lighter in color, the rosette leaves are yellow, early fall off, and the ball is late; Some young leaves are slender, curling inward, affecting the quality of the ball, some leaves are dark green, and the leaves are unsuccessful; fifth, some seedlings are underdeveloped and easy to prematurely twitch, and some are too fast and prone to freezing damage; Sixth, some mature periods of freshness decline, easy to dry and burn, some of the leaves dry, black rot. These problems will lead to a decline in the commercial rate of cabbage and a decrease in storage resistance. To solve these problems, we should start with cultivation management and regulation of fertilizer and water. Formula balanced fertilization to increase yield and quality "Small fertilizer to raise seedlings, medium fertilizer to promote leaves, big fertilizer to attack the ball." Hi fat is not tolerant and thin, is one of the fertility characteristics of cabbage, its fertilizer application should pay attention to the scientific formula of different fertilizer varieties. According to the agricultural scientific research department, the demand ratio of NPK to NPK is generally 3:1:4. In calcium-deficient soil, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium is 3.5:1:4.2:2.7. It is recommended that the base fertilizer of farmers should apply 4000-5000 kg of fully-fertilized farmyard manure or 200-300 kg of organic fertilizers such as bio-organic fertilizer, bio-organic compound fertilizer, amino acid organic multi-energy high-energy compound fertilizer, and 40-50 kg of superphosphate. Potassium chloride or potassium sulfate 15 to 20 kg. For the field with poor fertility, in order to match the delayed effect with the quick-acting fertilizer, 50-80 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or 50-60 kg of high-content multi-component fertilizer can be applied per acre. Top dressing recommendations are applied separately during the seedling stage, the rosette stage and the heading stage. After transplanting and slowing down the seedlings, 600-800 kilograms of manure can be recovered per mu. The vegetative growth period can be followed by 1000-1500 kilograms of cooked manure, especially to the ball-forming period. Feces and urine 1600 ~ 2000 kg, or urea 15 ~ 20 kg. The application of organic fertilizer and calcium fertilizer is beneficial to prevent dried cabbage heart disease, improve freshness, and is conducive to storage and long-distance transportation. For soils lacking boron and calcium deficiency, 0.01% to 0.02% of the selebrex solution and 0.3% to 0.5% of the calcium oxide solution may be sprayed 2 to 3 times at the beginning of the ball formation. Foliar spray fertilizer should be selected in sunny afternoon or cloudy weather without wind, which can improve fertilizer utilization. Nowadays, there are many varieties of organic fertilizers on the market. Many unfertilized poultry manures are mixed into them, causing the phenomenon of rotten roots, burning seedlings and dead seedlings. At the same time, it also leads to soil acidification, increasing the content of antibiotics and heavy metals, and degrading the quality of cabbage. Farmers should pay attention to the purchase of commercial organic fertilizer from regular manufacturers. It should also be noted that the leaves of cabbage are larger, the transpiration is stronger, and the water consumption is more. The soil should be kept moist at all times, so that the water can be adjusted and the fertilizer can be adjusted to ensure the soil is capable of supplying fertilizer. Choosing suitable cabbage growth soil The main roots of cabbage are thick and developed, but the roots of the lateral roots are shallow, generally distributed in the 20~30 cm deep tillage layer. The root distribution width is about 70-80 cm. The root regeneration is very strong after the injury, and a large number of branches can occur after transplanting. Branches and adventitious roots. Root growth is suitable for a better lyrical environment, not drought-tolerant or stain-resistant. One must pay attention to the choice of soil. Although the adaptability of cabbage to the soil is very strong and the requirements are not strict, in places where conditions are available, neutral or slightly acidic loam or sandy loam should be selected as much as possible, which is more conducive to rooting. Second, it is necessary to improve the farmland water system in the planting area, improve the irrigation and drainage conditions, and reduce the groundwater level to below 80 cm, so that there is water entanglement, drought resistance, water discharge, energy filtration, and prevention of black roots. The ball leaves rot. Third, we must finely level the cultivated land. After the harvest of the former crops, due to the strong seasonality of planting cabbage, the time is tight, it is necessary to promptly grab the land preparation, break the soil compaction of the former crops, and create an environment suitable for rooting, grass, and deep trench lifts. The width is about 2 meters, the depth of the trench is 50-60 cm, and the depth of the trench is 20-30 cm. The living environment is suitable for hair roots, and the cabbage can be strong and vigorous. Reasonable arrangement of sowing date and planting density The supply period of spring cabbage in the market is relatively long. It is recommended to choose winter varieties and arrange the sowing period reasonably. Spring cabbage is harvested from the next full year to the summer solstice. If it is too early, the seedlings develop earlier. If it encounters low temperature, it will pass the vernalization stage earlier, and the next year will not rush before the ball. Planting spring cabbage in the field is generally suitable for sowing 2 to 3 days before and after frosting. In the meantime, it is necessary to plant the seedlings 2 to 3 times, and 6 to 7 pieces of true leaves are transplanted. Cabbage requires better growth space, can fully absorb sunlight, fully improve individual development, in order to balance and coordinate the normal development of individuals and groups, the planting density should be reasonably arranged. For small varieties of precocious individuals, the transplanting density per acre is generally 4000-5000, the mid-maturing variety is about 3000 per mu, and the individual late-maturing varieties are about 2000 per mu. In this way, the sun can be fully utilized to alleviate the contradiction between seedlings vying for water, fighting for water, and competing for fertilizer, avoiding the problem of high-slung seedlings, yellow leaves, and postponing the ball. Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. If legal rights of third parties are involved, please inform this website. phone
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Water and soil problems and prevention of cabbage cultivation
Cabbage, also known as cabbage and cabbage, is very popular in the market. Due to the solid ball, the amount of residual leaves is small, the taste is light and brittle, and it is more resistant to storage, which can fill the gap in vegetable supply. In recent years, the area of ​​cabbage planting in urban suburbs has developed rapidly. For example, Xijiang Township of Hanchuan City has planted more than 4,000 mu of cabbage, and Yunmeng County has cultivated 10,000 mu of cabbage in the towns of Pupu, Chengguan and Qingminghe. The cabbages they planted are sold well all over the country, and some varieties are also exported to South Korea and other places to make kimchi.