, Alias ​​American squash, is an annual herb of Cucurbitaceae squash. Zucchini is mainly edible tender melon, rich in nutrients, it has strong ability to withstand low temperature, can be listed in advance, the price is high, and the economic benefit is considerable. Zucchini contains more nutrients such as vitamin C, glucose, etc. It has the effects of eliminating anxiety and quenching thirst, moistening lungs and cough, clearing heat and diuresis, and reducing swelling and loosening. Zucchini has played a big role in solving the supply of vegetables in the off-season in winter and spring, and has become one of the main vegetables cultivated in solar greenhouses in winter and spring. Let's take a detailed look at the following: high-yield cultivation techniques for zucchini in winter and spring.

1. Variety selection

Choose early-maturing varieties with short dwarf, short vine, low light resistance, low temperature, and disease resistance, such as early green generation, Atai generation, small ballet, etc.

2. Seed treatment

Before sowing, use warm soup to soak the seeds. After treatment, soak in warm water at about 20 ℃ for 4-6 hours. Rub off the seed coat mucus, rinse with clean water, wrap the seeds in wet gauze, at a temperature of 25-30 ℃ Germination under conditions. After 24-36 hours, when most of the seeds are exposed, sow. The coated seeds are sown after 3-5 hours of sowing without soaking.

3. Site preparation

Choose a greenhouse that has not planted melon crops within 3 years, and fumigate and disinfect the soil and space of the greenhouse before planting. Combined with site preparation, 5000 kg of high-quality farm manure and 30 kg of superphosphate were applied per mu. When planting, open a ditch on the ridge, lay seedlings at a plant distance of 45 cm, and cultivate a small amount of soil. Diammonium phosphate was applied between the plants at a dosage of 25 kg per mu, and the planting water was poured after the fertilizer and soil were mixed. The water should be poured, wait for the water to seep, and then ridge, and use a small wooden board against the ridge platform to scrape and flatten, and then cover the film. About 2000 seedlings are planted per mu.

4. Management after colonization

(1) Temperature management. After planting zucchini in winter and spring, the temperature in the daytime is kept at 25-30 ℃, and the temperature is appropriately reduced after the seedlings are slowed down, 20-26 ℃ in the daytime; the temperature is increased after the plants sit on the melon, 25-30 ℃ in the daytime, 15-20 ℃ at night Ventilation is required when the temperature exceeds 30 ° C, and the shed is closed when the temperature drops below 20 ° C. When the temperature is around 15 ° C, the grass must be put down to keep warm. After the spring, the weather is warming up, and ventilation and cooling in time at noon.

(2) Fertilizer and water management. After planting, until the root melon expands, fertilizer and water should be controlled to avoid repeated watering to cool down. When the root melon grows to about 10 cm, start watering, and apply compound fertilizer 20-25 kg / mu with the water. In the result period, the number of watering and the amount of watering should be gradually increased, and 500 kg of rotted manure and chicken manure should be applied every mu.

(3) Protect flowers and fruits. Planting zucchini in a greenhouse requires artificial pollination. Pollination must be done before 11 am. Each male flower can pollinate 3-4 female flowers. When there is no male flower, 20-30 microliters / liter of 2,4-D or 50 microliters / liter of anti-dropping agent can also be used to paint the female flower stigma.

(4) Plant adjustment. After planting the seedlings of zucchini, the hanging vine measures are adopted. When the height of the vine is close to the roof of the canopy, the lower old leaves and diseased leaves are removed and the vines are dropped. Side branches should be removed promptly.

5. Harvesting

Zucchini in sheds is mainly harvested by tender melons, and under suitable conditions, it can be harvested when the single melon weighs 250-500 grams 10-12 days after the flowering.

6. Pest control

The main diseases of zucchini are powdery mildew, virus disease and gray mold. Powdery mildew occurs mostly in the middle and late stages of growth. It can be controlled with 40% powder Biqing suspension 400 times solution or 25% powder rust Ning 2000 times solution, sprayed once every 7 days, continuous spray 2-3 times. Viral diseases should be based on the prevention of aphids, planthoppers and other insect pests, using 20% ​​virus A wettable powder 500 times solution or 25% virus 500 times solution plus cytokinin spray. For gray mold, use 50% Suclear or 50% Propionin 1000 times solution, spray 2-3 times in a row, different formulas can be used alternately. The main pests of autumn zucchini are aphids, etc., use aphid avoidance or deltamethrin spray to control.

One. Characteristics

The plant grows strong and has strong ability to withstand low temperature, so it is suitable for cultivation in protected areas in early spring. The variety is green, delicate and shiny, the melon strips are straight, the strip length is about 22cm, the thickness is 5-6cm, the length is cylindrical, there is no obvious edge, the commodity is very good; early maturity, about 1 week before the market of the same type varieties; melon code Dense, strong fruit setting ability, each plant can take 3-4 melons at the same time, it is not easy to melon, continuous melon formation ability is very strong, the early output is significantly higher than other varieties.

two. Nursery

1. Seed in time to cultivate strong seedlings

The sowing date depends on the planting time. According to the characteristics of the variety and the golden time to market, the small arch stubble in early spring is generally raised in mid-January, and the seedling age is about 35-40 days. It is planted in late February and harvested around early April. Before and after the May 1st festival, the peak of production was entered. In the early spring, zucchini should be root-protected and nursed with 6 parts of garden soil and 4 parts of decomposed ring manure, sieved and sterilized to remove insects, and placed in an 8 × 10cm nutrition bowl. Choose sunny and warm weather in the morning, pour enough water, lay the seeds in the center of the nutrient bowl, cover the soil with 1.5cm, and cover with plastic film. Before sowing and emergence after sowing, in order to promote the emergence of seedlings as soon as possible, the daytime temperature is 25-30 ℃, the mulching film is removed when the sprouting is about 70%, and the appropriate ventilation is cooled to 20-25 ℃, the night temperature is 10-15 ℃, in order to prevent tall seedlings. When the seedlings are in full bloom and one leaf is one heart, spray the fungicide once to prevent the cataplexy disease. If the seedlings show water shortage, water can be sprayed appropriately, or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution can be sprayed 1-2 times to promote seedling growth and flower bud differentiation. Strengthen the ventilation 5-7 days before planting, lower the temperature to train the seedlings, keep the temperature at 15-22 ℃ during the day and 8-15 ℃ at night. At 1-3 days before planting, the night temperature can be reduced to about 8 ℃, so that seedlings can adapt to the environment of planting.

2. Strong seedling standard

The stem thickness is 0.4-0.5cm, the plant height is 15cm, the seedling age is 35-40 days, and the morphological index is 3 leaves 1 heart or 4 leaves 1 heart. From the outside, the morphological characteristics of strong seedlings are thick leaves, thick green leaves, short and thick stems, no internode elongation, many fibrous roots, white and strong roots, and no pests.

three. Transplanting

1. Fertilize the site

Zucchini has a more developed root system and likes fertile soil. Before the winter crops are harvested, it is deeply ploughed in the sun and harvested, turned 40-50cm deep, fertilized in early spring to prepare the land, high quality farm fertilizer 5000kg, superphosphate 40-50kg per 667㎡, ternary compound 50kg of fertilizer and 20-30kg of urea. If root-knot nematode disease has occurred, use 0.5% avermectin granules or 2-3kg of granules per 667 square meters to spread the above fertilizers and medicines evenly on the surface. It should be turned 40cm deep to break up the soil to make the soil and manure fully mixed. Then ridges were prepared on site, ridges were formed according to the ridge distance of 1.2m, the ridge width was 70cm, and the ridge height was about 15cm. The ridge was flattened and covered with film.

2. Construction of the small arch shed 10-15 days in advance to build a shed above the prepared border to increase the ground temperature. The small arch shed is a simple covering shed mainly composed of bamboo poles and bamboo sheet materials as a support, covered with agricultural film and compacted with soil. Generally, the small arch shed is 4-5m wide (three ridges across), and the support is inserted into the soil about 6cm. The support is parallel, every 1m. The arch top is 1.2-1.5m from the ground, covered with 0.06cm of polyethylene film, small The length of the arch shed depends on the plot and cultivation area.

3. Planting Zhenyu No. 10 (high resistance) has a compact plant type and can be properly densely planted. 1 row is planted in 2 rows, and the two sides of the planting ridge are in the shape of "product". The holes are opened at a plant distance of 65-70cm. When planting, plant Miaotuo into the hole and make Miaotuo slightly exposed to the ground, pour the seedlings to stabilize the seedling water, and cover the soil after the water seeps to make the Miaotuo surface and the membrane surface flat. Since the ground temperature and temperature are relatively low when planting in early spring, the planting time should be sunny morning, and must not be watered along the ditch, otherwise the ground temperature will be lowered, and the plant will slow down and grow slowly. After the seedlings are slowed down, pour water through the ditch once to soak the ridges. Note: When watering, strictly prevent the seedlings from being flooded by bright water and avoid soil compaction at the base of the stem.

four. Post-planting management

1. Slow seedling stage

5-7 days after planting, the airtight greenhouse should not be ventilated, and the arch canopy should be covered with grass toes at night; keep 25-28 ℃ during the day, and the temperature should not be lower than 15 ℃ at night.

2. After slowing seedlings to before melon

After slowing seedlings and before root melons are harvested, this period is the time to promote root control and seedlings. Generally, no watering is needed to strengthen the tillage to maintain soil moisture and increase the ground temperature, so that the melon seedlings can be rooted first, then grow seedlings, and then form melons. Growth, lay the foundation for high yield. After the seedlings are slowed down, the daytime temperature is 20-25 ° C and the night temperature is 10-15 ° C. If the plant is weak and lacks fertilizer, Jianzhibao or other foliar fertilizers can be sprayed to promote the growth of stem vines and lay a good foundation for melon formation. If the melon seedlings have signs of longevity, we should strengthen ventilation and water control, and control the growth of melon seedlings by reducing the temperature and water.

3. Management of the heyday

It takes about 40 days from root melon harvest to the 4th and 5th melon harvest. This is the heyday of zucchini. The main points of management are to strengthen fertilizer and water, prevent high temperature, and control seedlings and promote melons. When the first melon sits and starts to swell, watering begins. Compound fertilizer 20kg and urea 5kg are applied with every 667 square meters of watering. The amount of watering is 1/3 of the height of the ridge. Because the outside temperature is very low, the shed The amount of air released is small, and it is not advisable to water the water. Generally, water once every half a month. In late April, zucchini entered the peak season, the outside temperature has risen, and the amount of air released has gradually increased. Dare to amplify the wind. The temperature in the shed is maintained at 25-28 ° C during the day and 15-20 ° C at night. After picking 2-3 times, the growth of plants and melon sticks becomes faster, and the number of waterings becomes more frequent. Generally, watering is performed once every 7 days. The amount of watering is 2/3 of the height of the ridge. Apply 20-30 kg of compound fertilizer with water every 667㎡. To control seedlings and promote melons, water should be watered 2 days before each harvest. As the plant grows, 6-7 functional leaves are left in the lower part of the melon, and the aging leaves that have lost their functions are cut with a knife, leaving a 2-3 cm petiole. There is no pollination by bees and other insects in the early spring shed. Every day at 7-9 am, use a brush to apply the Zucchini Zuoguo Wang solution to both sides of the freshly blooming female melon.

Fives. Harvest

Harvest in time to ensure the quality of the goods. The root melon is harvested at about 200g to prevent falling seedlings and affect the opening and fruit setting of upper female flowers. In the future, melons should be flexibly controlled according to plant growth and market conditions to obtain better economic benefits.

six. Pest Control

1. Gray mold

Use 20% pyrimethanil wettable powder 1000 times liquid, 50% procymidone wettable powder 600 times liquid to prevent and cure.

2. Powdery mildew

Use 30% fluconazole EC 1500 times solution, or 25% propiconazole 1500 times solution, or 10% difenoconazole wettable powder 1500 times solution for spray control.

3. Viral disease

Use 20% morpholino hydrochloride wettable powder 1500 times solution, or 60% morpholino • copper acetate 1500 times solution + 0.0001% hydroxyene adenine 500 times solution + amino acid liquid fertilizer spray, continuous use 2-3 times, combined Control of aphids is carried out.

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