Features:
1) It has fast growth, resistance to rough feeding (30% -40% of the grass can be eaten), high feed, meat ratio of 2.5-2.7:1.
2) With wide adaptability and strong resistance to diseases, it can be used for raising or grazing in the plains, mountains, and semi-mountainous areas. The premises and equipment are simple, and can be intensively reared or restocked in the courtyard.
3) Good meat quality, low fat, high lean meat percentage, lowest cholesterol content, and high protein content. It is the leader in the production of protein in livestock and poultry.
4) Rearing Turkey has less investment, quick effect, wide coverage, high efficiency, simple premises and equipment, low investment in infrastructure, low requirements on chicken house condition and management level, because of its strong adaptability to the environment and wide appetite, Resistant to rough feeding, grass feeding, insects and other characteristics, not much labor can use idle labor, but also make full use of crop straw, leaves, weeds, fruits, vegetables, change grass and resources to advantage of the advantages of commodity economy , is China's emerging a grass-food and grain-saving special aquaculture industry.
Nicholas adult male turkey weighing 22-25 kg, female turkey 11-12 kg, commercial meat turkey, 16-20 weeks market, average weight 12 kg, ketone body slaughter rate of more than 85%, and broilers about 70 %, 64% of pigs, only 54% of cattle and sheep, from the ratio of edible meat to live weight is also the highest turkey, so some countries in Europe and America use turkey instead of beef and mutton and pork production. At present, the amount of turkeys in our country is small, which cannot meet the needs of the domestic market. Most of them depend on imports. China's turkey breeding has been included in the National Spark Program.
The mother turkey is 28-30 years old and begins to produce single eggs. The egg period is 22-28 weeks. Generally, 100 eggs are produced, the weight of eggs is 90-95 grams, the fertilization rate of eggs is more than 90%, and the hatching rate of fertilized eggs is more than 85%.
Turkey's feeding management:
Turkeys can be bred and reared in groups, regardless of flat raising, cage raising or net raising. Their breeding sites should be high-altitude, sunny, flat, and ventilated. Places where the surrounding environment is dry should be the best, or turkeys should be built on the top of other poultry houses. House.
There are three stages in the overall production of a breeder turkey:
(I) Feeding during brooding (0-8 weeks old)
1) Temperature: The temperature in the brooding room is maintained at 34 degrees for the first week, then decreases by about one degree every week until it falls to 18-21 degrees. If it is too high, the chicks drink more water, lax dung, open their mouths, and wheezing. If they are low, the chicks squeak through heat and often scream. To spread evenly for the appropriate temperature.
2) Humidity: Generally, the relative humidity is 55%-65%. If the relative humidity is low, the remaining yolk of the chicks will be poorly absorbed. Excessive drinking water may cause diarrhea, slow growth of hair, dullness, and dryness of the toes. If it is too high, the chicks will be unruly, messy, have poor appetite, bedding wet and susceptible to disease.
3) Ventilation: Generally ignore ventilation for heat preservation, or the surrounding plastic sheeting makes the oxygen in the air insufficient, and the carbon oxides are high, and the long-term lack of fresh air causes the chicks to be weak and sick, and the most serious one is carbon dioxide poisoning. When the ventilation is poor, the chicks It is manifested as mental restlessness, inactive action, unclean feathers, loss of appetite, stunting, decreased resistance to disease, and proneness to respiratory diseases.
4) Light: Sunlight has a great effect on the health of the chicks. It can increase the appetite of the chicks, promote metabolism, maintain normal bone development, and increase vitality. The first three days of hatching had poor vision. In order to ensure food intake and drinking water, 24-hour light was used day and night, and 23 hours of continuous light was also available. One hour was dark. 23-24 hours a day, one 40-watt bulb is used in the first week of the 15m2 house, and the second week is replaced by a 25-watt bulb.
Illumination should follow the following principles: Use weak light to avoid glare to prevent evil, and second, light can only be reduced and cannot be increased, young hens are prematurely sexually mature, eggs are laid ahead of time, and third, light cannot be long or short. Causes irritation, loss of light.
5) Density: Feeding density is related to the normal growth and development of the chicks. If the density is small, the effect is good but not economical. If the density of large chickens is insufficient for crowded feeding, the growth of the chicks is slow, the population development is not well-ordered, susceptible to disease, and paralysis occurs. The mortality rate is high. The ground level is raised for 1-6 weeks and is about 20 per square meter. The turkey likes to eat green feed such as onion, leeks, and garlic. It should be chopped and mixed in a mixed feed. It can stimulate appetite, satisfy turkey herb habits, and supplement nutrients such as vitamins and trace elements. Feed the yellow sand normally. In addition, regular water supply every day to meet the turkey drinking water.
(II). Breeding (9-28) weeks of age in rearing period According to the requirements of growth and development and high yield characteristics of turkeys, the rearing period can be divided into turkey growth stage (9-18) weeks of age and restricted growth stage (19- 28) Weeks of age, the survival rate of the two weeks of age is relatively high, management can be extensive, generally should be transferred to the ground, plastic mats raising.
1) Rearing: During the rearing period, the turkey is lively and active, and grows quickly. The stocking density should be greatly reduced. There should be 3-4 broilers per square meter, and there should be a henhouse on the playground, which can appropriately increase the stocking density. Feed 3-4 times a day, feed 1-2% of the feed and gravel, to help the stomach digest food, and at the same time every day outside activities, time 1-2 hours. Grazing allows turkeys to freely eat green grass and insects to enhance their activities, save feed, limit the growth phase, and artificially drive 4-5 times a day to increase the amount of exercise.
2) Feed: Promote the growth stage, to increase the proportion of nutrition. In order to prevent competition, food troughs can be added. Limit the growth phase, to properly reduce the proportion of nutrition
3) Illumination: Promote the growth phase, including natural light during the day, 14-16 hours of light per day, supplemented with light intensity of 15-20 lux in the morning and evening. After entering the restricted growth stage, the light must be controlled. The cock has to light for 12 hours a day. The turkey is more sensitive to light stimulation and can only light for 6-8 hours per day. Therefore, the male and female chickens are better kept separately.
4) Primary Selection: Primary broilers are to be bred at 16-28 weeks of age. Those turkeys that are well-growth, healthy and lively. Meat is reared with turkeys, and it is recommended that the male turkeys be marketed after being castrated and fattened.
(iii) Feeding (28-57)-week-old stocking turkeys to 28 weeks of age during laying, mature reproductive organs, egg production from 28-30 weeks of age, and ending egg production at 54-57 weeks of age. This period is the production period.
1) Preparation: The turkey should thoroughly clean and disinfect the laying eggs before entering the laying period, and install the sinks, troughs, sand trays, perch racks, nest boxes, anti-locking nests and light-filling facilities.
2) Nesting box production: general width 35-40 cm, height 50-55 cm, depth 50-55 cm, in order to facilitate light, ventilation, quail eggs, anti-breast. Every 4-5 turkeys make a nest box.
(IV) Disease Prevention Strengthening feed management is the basis for a good prevention of disease. Only by strengthening feed management and doing a good job of sanitation can we fundamentally strengthen the disease resistance of chickens. The chicken house should have suitable temperature, humidity, light and chicken. The density of the group. Feces in chicken coops, brood chambers and sports grounds should be cleaned daily. Padded grass should always be turned over and replaced. The old soil in the stadium should be changed regularly so as to reduce soil pollution and also eliminate parasite eggs.
Farm households usually have common drugs commonly used: such as fluorosalicylic acid, etc., to prevent coccidiosis and other diseases. If turkey is found to be depressed, dull, drooping, drowsiness, weight loss, loss of appetite, defecation packs, thin stools, etc., it is a sign of blackheads. It is necessary to promptly use one tablet of Kabakuken (0.3g) and put it into 10ml. In the water, 1 ml per day is given, and even one week healed.

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